轻罪立法时代无证经营成品油行为的刑法定性——基于建构性刑法解释的展开

The Criminal Nature of Unlicensed Operation of Refined Oil in the Era of Misdemeanors——Expansion Based on Constructive Interpretation of Criminal Law

司法中关于无证经营成品油行为的认定,有基于成品油许可和基于危险化学品许可两种成立非法经营罪的思路。在2019年国务院放开成品油市场准入与2020年商务部废止《成品油市场管理办法》之后,法院沿用这两种思路作出裁判,均存在相应的论证缺陷,这也是“口袋罪”在司法中被滥用的一个例证。司法机关青睐“口袋罪”,是由于此前刑事立法滞后、规范选择逼仄,而轻罪立法时代的到来,改变了这一局面。在《刑法修正案(九)》修改了危险驾驶罪与《刑法修正案(十一)》增设了危险作业罪之后,司法应及时调整原有论证思路和裁判结论,根据运输、仓储等行为是否“危及公共安全”、是否“具有现实危险”等具体情形,分别适用危险驾驶罪和危险作业罪;造成严重后果的,适用危险物品肇事罪,以实现案件的妥当处罚。应当倡导一种建立在充分尊重立法基础上的建构性刑法解释,这是刑法解释论在立法活性化时代的新常态。

There are two main ways to establish the criminal liability of illegal operation:first,based on the licensing of oil products,second,based on the licensing of dangerous chemicals.Since the State Council abolished the market access for oil products in 2019 and the Ministry of Commerce abolished the Measures for the Administration of the Market of Refined Oil Products in 2020,it would be doubtful for the courts to continue both approaches to make decisions.It is also an embodiment of the abuse of the“pocket crime”in the judiciary.Justice favours pocket crimes because legislation is lagging behind and there are few of norms to apply.However,the large number of new offences created by the Criminal Law Amendment has changed this situation.Since the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅸ)amended the offence of dangerous driving and the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)added the offence of dangerous work,the judiciary should promptly adjust the original argument and the conclusion of the decision.The offences of dangerous driving and dangerous work should be applied according to specific circumstances,such as whether the act of transportation or storage“endangers public security”or“has real danger”.Furthermore,if serious consequences are caused,the offence of causing an accident with dangerous goods should be applied,in order to achieve the appropriate punishment for the case.A constructive criminal law interpretation based on full respect for legislation should be advocated,which is the new normal of criminal law interpretation theory in the era of legislative activation.