基于行为仿真的城市休闲绿地步行空间网络适老性重构——以苏州市虎丘湿地公园为例

Reconstruction of Aging Adaptability of Walking Space Network in Urban Leisure Green Space Based on Behavior Simulation:A Case Study of Huqiu Wetland Park in Suzhou

空间人本主义强调城市空间开发的现实需求导向,人口老龄化背景下城市休闲绿地空间的营造需要切实解决适老性短板问题。以苏州市虎丘湿地公园为例,基于空间—行为互动理论,将“公共空间—公共生活”PSPL调研法与空间句法应用于城市休闲绿地步行空间适老性仿真模拟及优化重构。结果表明:1)基于生理和心理特征,老年人群体对城市休闲绿地步行空间具有选择性;2)绿地步行空间网络整合度与老年人群体分布和活动类型高度相关,整合度数值越高,老年人群体聚集程度越高,活动类型以社交集聚型为主;3)绿地步行空间视域的开合影响老年人群体的流动方向和停留选择,且老年人活动类型与视域空间复杂度及其变化程度紧密相关;4)绿地空间步行距离影响老年人空间感知能力,且多数老年人的感知能力较差,加强局域性步行空间网络功能集聚及服务是优化重构的关键。研究结果可为城市休闲绿地步行空间网络重构提供基于行为仿真的空间智能优化预案,也可为新时期我国城市公共空间网络适老性优化重构提供基于空间人本主义的治理新思路。

Spatial humanism emphasizes the realistic demand orientation of urban space development,and the construction of urban leisure green space under the background of aging of population needs to effectively solve the short-board problem of adaptability for the elderly.Taking Huqiu Wetland Park in Suzhou as an example,based on the space-behavior interaction theory,the PSPL survey method of"public space-public life"and spatial syntax were integrated and applied to the simulation and optimization reconstruction of aging adaptability of walking space in urban leisure green space.The results show that based on the physiological and psychological characteristics,the elderly population has the selectivity to the walking space in urban leisure green space.The integration degree of green walking space network is highly correlated with the distribution and activity types of the elderly.The higher the integration degree,the higher the aggregation degree of the elderly,and the activity types are mainly social aggregation.The opening and closing of green walking space horizon affects the flow direction and stay choice of the elderly,and the activity types of the elderly are closely related to the complexity of horizon space and its degree of change.The walking distance of green space affects the spatial perception of the elderly,and most of them have poor perception.Strengthening the function agglomeration and service improvement of local walking space network is the key to optimization and reconstruction.The research results provide a spatial intelligence optimization plan based on behavior simulation for the reconstruction of walking space network in urban leisure green space,and also provide a new governance idea based on spatial humanism for the optimization and reconstruction of urban public space network in China in the new period.