基于企业组织机构的中国大陆航运中心层级体系与网络联系

Hierarchy System and Network Connection of Chinese Mainland Shipping Centers Based on Enterprise Organizations

以沿海50个港口城市为样本,利用跨国航运公司及相关机构组织联系构建指标体系,并根据航运网络联系数据构建中国大陆航运中心关系矩阵,进而识别出航运中心的层级体系与网络空间联系,揭示不同等级航运中心的相互作用关系。结果表明:1)中国大陆航运中心形成5个层级的等级体系,其中,具有国际航运职能的分为全球性国际航运中心、区域性国际航运中心和国际航运节点3个等级,上海、深圳、宁波—舟山、青岛、广州、天津、厦门、大连八大国际航运中心构成我国对外航运联系的主要框架。2)多功能航运要素网络分析显示,不同要素航运中心网络联系呈现向全国辐射的空间联系以及明显的层级分化特征,同时国际航运中心主导功能差异显著,分为综合型、货运型、货运—服务型、货运—知识型4个发展类型。3)单个航运中心与其他航运中心网络联系的综合集中化程度与相对网络总关联度成正比,与货运型航运要素高度相关,而其服务和知识集中化指数波动明显,表明目前我国单个航运中心的“综合联系圈”取决于其“货运联系圈”,航运中心层级越高则对外联系圈越稳定。区域航运网络的核心航运中心具有较高的首位度,从航运网络内外部比值看,环渤海和珠三角区域外向联系较突出,长三角区域形成“内外双修”的格局。

Taking 50 coastal port cities as samples,an index system is constructed by using multinational shipping enterprise organizations,then a relationship matrix of Chinese mainland shipping centers is built based on connection data,and the hierarchical system of shipping centers and the connect of cyberspace are identified to reveal the interaction between different level shipping centers.It is found as follows.1)The Chinese mainland shipping centers have formed a five-level hierarchical system.Among them,those with international shipping functions are divided into three levels:global international shipping centers,regional international shipping centers,and international shipping nodes.The eight major international shipping centers including Shanghai,Shenzhen,Ningbo-Zhoushan,Qingdao,Guangzhou,Tianjin,Xiamen and Dalian have constituted the main framework of China′s foreign shipping links.2)The multi-function shipping element network analysis shows that the shipping centers network connection of different elements present the characteristics of spatial connection radiating to the whole country and obvious hierarchy differentiation.Meanwhile,the dominant functions of international shipping centers are significantly different,and they are divided into four development types:comprehensive,freight,freight-service and freight-knowledge.3)The degree of comprehensive centralization of network connections between a single shipping center and other shipping centers is directly proportional to the relative network relevance.It is highly correlated with freight-type shipping elements.The service and knowledge centralization indexes fluctuate significantly.These indicate that in China the"comprehensive connection circle"of single shipping center depends on its"freight connection circle".The higher level of shipping center,the more stable of the external connection circle.The core shipping center of the regional shipping network has a high degree of primacy.From the perspective of the ratio of internal connection to external connection in the shipping network,the outward connection of the Bohai Rim and the Pearl River Delta are more prominent,and a connection pattern of"internal and external double repair"has been formed in the Yangtze River Delta.