中国旅游交通碳排放格局及影响因素解析

Carbon Emission Pattern of China′s Tourism Transportation and Its Influencing Factors

旅游交通碳排放是引致全球气候变化的重要因素之一,研究其空间差异和影响因素具有重要意义。以中国30个省域为研究单元,在构建旅游交通碳排放模型基础上,采用空间变差函数、趋势面分析和空间计量模型等定量方法探讨旅游交通碳排放的时空格局及影响因素,研究结果表明:1)2005-2018年中国旅游交通碳排放呈递增态势,绝对差异逐渐增大,相对差异呈现阶段性波动变化特征;2)旅游交通碳排放总体空间分异特征显著,呈现由东至西递减态势,这与中国“东强西弱”的旅游交通网络格局及“沿主要交通干线及航空枢纽”布局的旅游客流量、流向空间特征一致;3)省域旅游交通碳排放存在空间相互作用及联动效应,总体上东—西方向空间差异趋向最大,其他方向空间分异程度较小;4)经济发展水平、对外旅游开放度和游客接待规模是引致旅游交通碳排放的主因,较大程度塑造了中国旅游交通碳排放的区域差异格局,而服务业发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、能源强度和能源结构对旅游交通碳排放具有不同程度的引致或抑制效应。

Carbon emission of tourism transportation is one of the important factors leading to global climate change.It is of great social and economic significance to study the spatial differences and influencing factors of tourism transportation carbon emission.This paper takes 30 provincial administrative regions in China as the basic research units,then,based on the construction of measurement model for carbon emission of tourism transportation,and uses the spatial variogram,trend surface analysis and spatial measurement models,to explore the spatial and temporal pattern evolution and influencing factors of tourism transportation carbon emission.It is found as follows.1)In the period of 2005 to 2018,the carbon emission of China′s tourism transportation shows a continuous increase trend,in which the absolute difference of tourism transportation carbon emission increases gradually,and the relative difference shows the characteristics of periodic fluctuation.2)The overall spatial differentiation of tourism transportation carbon emission is significant,showing a trend of decreasing from east to west.This is basically consistent with China′s"strong east and weak west"tourism network pattern,the spatial characteristics of tourist passenger flow and direction which are along the main traffic trunks and aviation hubs.3)There are spatial interactions and linkage effects in the carbon emissions of provincial tourism transportation in China.In general,the spatial difference tends to increase in the east-west direction,while the spatial differentiation in other directions is small.4)The regional economic development level,the openness to foreign tourism and scale of tourists are the main factors leading to tourism transportation carbon emission.To a great extent,this has shaped the regional differentiation pattern of the carbon emission of China′s tourism transportation,and the development level of service industry,tourism resource,energy intensity and energy structure have various degrees of inducing or inhibiting effects.