黄河下游引黄灌区输沙渠道优化设计

Optimal Design of Sediment Transport Channels for the Lower Yellow River

黄河下游两岸有万亩以上灌区近100处,引黄灌溉给农业生产带来巨大效益,但渠道泥沙淤积十分严重,主要原因一是没有可靠的公式来核算渠道的输沙能力,二是没有根据水力优化断面参数来确定渠道断面尺寸,往往使渠道设计断面面积偏大,流速偏低。通过黄河下游泥沙组成得到黄河下游输沙平衡关系,并利用渠道断面参数优化原理,可使渠道输沙能力成倍增加。输沙渠道优化设计不仅为引黄灌区改造和输沙入田提供理论依据,还可为黄河下游高含沙水流远距离输沙提供新的技术支持。

There are nearly 100 irrigation areas with the area above 10000 mu alongside the Lower Yellow River.Irrigation from the Yellow River has brought huge benefits to agriculture,but sedimentation in channels is very serious.The key reason is that there is no reliable formu⁃la to calculate sediment transport capacity in channels and the cross⁃section of channels is not determined according to hydraulic optimization,which leads to larger cross⁃section and lower flow velocity than that needed for equilibrium sediment transport.By introducing sediment trans⁃port equilibrium relationship using sediment grading in the Lower Yellow River and the optimization methods of channel cross⁃sections,it had been found in this paper that the sediment transport capacity in irrigation channels could be doubled.This optimized design would introduce theoretical basis for the improvement of irrigation channels and transportation of sediment into farm fields,and it also provided new technical support for long⁃distance transport of high⁃concentrated sediment⁃laden from for the Yellow River.