基于专利计量的技术创新催化能力的多维度测量

Multidimensional Measurement of the Catalytic Capacity of Technology Innovation Based on Patentometrics

作为创新活动的参与者,创新催化者对技术创新效率的提升发挥着重要的支撑作用。但针对技术创新催化能力测量的研究十分有限,且多以问卷调研的主观评价为核心手段,缺乏综合性、量化测量工具与方法。本研究通过对技术创新催化能力内涵的界定与解析,提出技术创新溢出催化与扩散催化的二维概念结构模型;并结合专利合作申请人排名与引文信息特征,从技术催化强度与广度两个方面,构建多维测量指标体系;进而以中、美、日、韩的国际创新催化者为样本,探究创新催化者技术创新催化能力水平差异与特征。研究结果表明:①技术创新催化能力具有二阶多维的结构特征,并进一步体现为创新催化的强度与范围两个方面,能够从创新催化的贡献、质量、地理范围、主体范围四个指标进行衡量;②创新催化者在各维度指标及能力上呈现两种能力偏好,即以Toyota(Toyota Motor Corp)为代表的同时发展技术溢出与扩散催化能力,与以SEC(Samsung Electronics Company)为代表的偏好技术扩散催化,而SG(State Grid Corporation of China)的“高溢出催化-低扩散催化”模式具有个体特殊性;③中、日、韩、美四国创新催化者的溢出催化能力依次降低,而扩散催化能力排名则恰好相反。本研究丰富了技术创新能力的概念与测量研究,进一步揭示了创新催化者催化能力特征,能够为创新合作伙伴的评价与选择提供新的决策视角与方法。

As participants of innovation activities,innovation catalysts play an important supporting role in improving the efficiency of technology innovation.However,the research on technological innovation catalytic capacity measurement is very limited.Most studies take the subjective evaluation of questionnaire surveys as the core method,lacking comprehen‐sive and quantitative measurement tools and methods.By defining and analyzing the connotation of the catalytic capacity of technological innovation(CCTI),in this study,a two-dimensional conceptual structure model of spillover and diffusion catalysis of technology innovation(CCTS and CCTD)was proposed.Subsequently,based on the characteristics of the ranking of patent cooperative applicants and citation information,a multidimensional measurement index system was con‐structed from two aspects of technological catalysis strength and breadth.Further,international innovation catalysts from China,the United States,Japan,and South Korea were taken as samples to explore the differences and characteristics of their CCTI.The results show that(1)CCTI has two-order,multidimensional structural characteristics,which are further re‐flected in the strength and breadth of innovation catalysis,and can be measured from four indexes:contribution,quality,geographical scope,and subject scope.(2)Innovation catalysts show two kinds of capacity preferences in each dimension index and catalytic capacity;thus,Toyota Motor Corp represented the development of CCTS and CCTD at the same time while the preference of CCTD was represented by Samsung Electronics Company(SEC),while State Grid Corporation of China(SG)with high spillover catalysis-low diffusion catalysis has individual particularity.(3)CCTS of innovation cata‐lysts in China,Japan,South Korea,and the United States decreased in order,while their CCTD ranked in the opposite di‐rection.This study enriches the concept and measurement of CCTI,reveals the characteristics of different catalysts,and provides a new perspective and method for evaluating and selecting innovation partners.