我国困境儿童政策优化与精准服务策略:文化敏感与需要满足

Policy Optimization and Accurate Service Strategy for Children in Need in China: Cultural Sensitivity and Needs Satisfaction

儿童具有天然的脆弱性和依存性,因而需要对其进行关爱保护和福利保障。近十年来,我国针对社会转型过程中大量出现的失依、残疾、重病、流浪、贫困、受虐、监护缺失等类型困境儿童出台了一系列生活保障和关爱保护的政策,试图构建适度普惠型儿童福利制度以促进儿童的福祉和发展。但受制于专业人才配置不足、专业理论指引不强以及基层工作人员行政思维惯性固化等因素,导致困境儿童政策与服务层面均存在文化敏感性不足的问题,表现于注重对象资格识别而对对象内部需求差异关注不足;注重儿童工作网络建设而对福利传递效能关注不足;注重货币化救助帮扶而对专业服务提供关注不足;注重活动化短期服务而对全生命周期服务关注不足。因此,在探索困境儿童政策优化和精准服务创新过程中,很有必要在文化敏感和需要理论指引下,应采取服务理念更新、福利制度优化、专业人才配置、多元主体整合、整体性服务供给等策略,以促进中国特色的儿童福利体系。

Children are naturally vulnerable and dependent, so they need the care, protection and welfare protection of adult society.In the past decade, China has issued a series of life security and care and protection policies for a large number of children inneed such as loss of dependence, disability, serious illness, vagrancy, poverty, abuse and lack of guardianship in the process of social transformation, attempting to build an appropriate universal child welfare system to promote the well-being and development of children.However, due to the influence of such factors as the insufficient allocation of professionals, the weak guidance of professional theory and the inertia of administrative thinking of grass-roots staff, there is a lack of cultural sensitivity at the level of policies and services for children in distress.These problems are manifested in paying attention to the identification of the object’s qualification, to the construction of children’s work network, to monetized assistance, and to active short-term services, but not enough attention to the differences in the internal needs of the object, to the efficiency of welfare delivery, to professional services, and to the whole life cycle service.Under the guidance of the theory of cultural sensitivity and needs, we should take measures such as the renewal of service concepts, the optimization of welfare system, the allocation of professionals, the integration of multiple subjects, and the supply of holistic services to explore innovative strategies and paths for policy optimization and accurate services for children in need, and build a child welfare system with Chinese characteristics.