高考英语阅读理解中语用预设元素测评——以2021年高考英语全国卷为例

Assessment of Pragmatic Presupposition Elements of English Reading Comprehension in National College Entrance Examination——Taking the English Test Paper of the 2021 National College Entrance Examination for Example

语用预设是高考英语阅读理解试题中的重要组成部分,也是阅读理解命题的重要依据。对2021年4套高考英语全国卷阅读理解试题中语用预设元素的分析发现,高考英语阅读理解试题涉及两种不同类型的语用预设,即基于语言形式的显性预设和基于非语言背景知识的隐性预设;显性语用预设的出现频率大幅高于隐性语用预设,且显性语用预设中的指示类触发语的出现频率最高,动词类触发语的频率最低。这提示命题者加强隐性语用预设掌握能力的考查,重视元语用能力以及元语用意识之间的联系。

Pragmatic presupposition is an important component of reading comprehension tests in national college entrance examination,and many reading comprehension questions are derived from pragmatic presupposition.Based on the four sets of papers of the 2021 national college entrance examination,this research analyzes the pragmatic presupposition elements involved in reading comprehension tests.The study found that there are two different types of pragmatic presuppositions:explicit presuppositions based on linguistic forms and implicit presuppositions based on non-verbal background knowledge.It is found that the frequency of explicit pragmatic presuppositions was higher than that of implicit pragmatic presuppositions.In explicit pragmatic presuppositions,the frequency of deixical triggers was the highest,while the frequency of verb triggers was the lowest.This suggests that the presupposition of implicit pragmatics should be examined and the relation between the meta-pragmatic competence and meta-pragmatic consciousness should be emphasized.