高考英语阅读理解试题中积极语用能力特征研究——以2017—2021年高考英语全国卷为例

A Study of Positive Pragmatic Competence of English Reading Comprehension in National College Entrance Examination——Taking the English Test Papers of National College Entrance Examination from 2017 to 2021 for Example

积极语用是表达主体基于独立人格和自由思维,富有创造力的、主动的、完整的表现性言语行为。积极语用教育观虽已在汉语教育界引起广泛关注,但尚未充分应用到外语教学中。以2017—2021年18套高考英语全国卷为研究语料,系统分析高考英语阅读理解中语篇类型、关键能力、思维品质3项主要测试项目与积极语用能力特征之间的内在关联。研究结果表明,高考英语阅读理解试题以个性言说积极语用能力为基础,注重独立评论积极语用能力的考查,但对审美表达积极语用能力关注不足。这提示命题者将积极语用教学观融入高考英语阅读理解试题命制,深入探究学生的实际语言表达力,考查学生的思辨表达力,评估学生跳出阅读“输入本位”进而建构文化表现力的深层语用能力。

Positive Pragmatics is a creative,active and complete expressive speech act based on learners’personality and free thinking.Although it has attracted extensive attention in the field of Chinese,it has not been fully applied to foreign language education.Accordingly,this study takes the national matriculation English tests from 2017 to 2021 as the corpus(18 sets of test paper),and systematically analyzes the positive pragmatic competence in terms of discourse type,key ability and thinking quality,testing the internal correlation between items and positive pragmatic competence.The results show that the English reading comprehension test is based on the positive pragmatic ability of individual speech and emphasizes the positive pragmatic ability of independent comment,but pays little attention to the positive pragmatic ability of aesthetic expression.This suggests that the author integrates the positive pragmatic teaching view into the English reading comprehension test of the college entrance examination,explores students’actual language expression ability,examines students’critical expression ability,and evaluates students’deep pragmatic ability to break out of the“input standard”of reading and construct cultural expression.