新时代国家立法能力建设的挑战与路径

Challenges to and Paths of National Legislative Capacity Building in the New Era

十九大以来,全面深化改革进入到新的历史阶段。为保障改革在法治轨道上进行,必须加强国家立法能力建设。立法能力的构成主要包括立法权力能力、立法行为能力和立法责任能力三个方面。新时代立法重点的动态变化与立法需求的不断增长对立法能力建设提出了新挑战。立法主体充分享有立法权限,及时推进法规的立改废释,是立法权力能力建设的新要求;立法适应改革变动、耐受改革冲击,最终引领改革继续深化,是立法行为能力建设的新任务;立法预留试错空间,合理规控错误风险,是立法责任能力建设的新使命。推进国家立法能力建设须统筹协调好三大能力间的关系,逐步完善立法授权,强化立法主体建设,建立健全立法责任机制与立法监督体系。

Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the comprehensively deepening of reform has entered a new historical stage.In order to ensure that the reform is carried out on the track of rule of law,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of our national legislative capacity.The main content of legislative capacity includes three aspects,namely,legislative power capacity,legislative behavior capacity and legislative responsibility capacity.The dynamic change of legislative priorities and the growing demand for legislation in the new era have posed new challenges to legislative capacity building.It is a new requirement for legislative capacity building that the legislative body should fully enjoy the legislative authority and timely promote the legislation,reform,abolition and interpretation of regulations.It is a new task for legislative behavior capacity building that legislation should adapt to reform changes,withstand the impact of reform and eventually lead the reform to go on expanding in depth.It is a new mission for legislative responsibility capacity building to reserve space for trial and error in legislation and reasonably control the risk of error.To promote national legislative capacity building,we must coordinate the relationship between the three major capacities,gradually improve the legislative mandate,strengthen the construction of legislative subjects,and establish a sound legislative responsibility mechanism and legislative supervision system.