文学研究的认知延展——广义认知诗学原理与方法

The Cognitive Extension of Literary Studies:Principles and Methodologies of Generalized Cognitive Poetics

随着认知科学的迅猛发展,与之相生相伴的文学认知研究也日益兴盛,枝叶繁茂,已经不是原有的“认知诗学”概念所能容纳和准确指称。事实上,认知诗学一词已经有不同涵义,所指有广义和狭义之别。因此,一种整合文学研究中所有认知研究理论、视角和方法的广义认知诗学呼之欲出。广义认知诗学的基本原理是运用认知科学相关理论、方法和技术进行文学研究,其目的是要发现新的蕴涵、形式、效果、机制、要素等,并予以尽可能科学合理的解释。它的主要研究方法是文本细读、科学实验和调查,“实证+质性”是它的方法论原则。

With the rapid development of cognitive science,cognitive literary studies has become increasingly prosperous,sprouting out a lot of branches,thus the original term cognitive poetics is no longer suitable for use to describe or define this vast field of cognitive researches.Actually,cognitive poetics has been endowed with different connotations,which can be categorized into cognitive poetics in a narrow sense and that in a broad sense.Therefore,a generalized cognitive poetics,which integrates all the theories,perspectives,and methodologies employed in cognitive literary studies,seems ready to come out.The fundamental principle of generalized cognitive poetics is to study literature by drawing on relevant theories,methods and techniques from cognitive science,aiming to discover new implications,formal features,effects,mechanisms,and factors in literature and make scientific and reasonable explanations.The three main approaches to Generalized Cognitive Poetics include close reading,scientific experiments,and investigation,with“empirical-qualitative research”as its methodological principle.