成像技术在潜在指纹成分分析中的应用

Application of Imaging Technology in Analysis of Latent Fingerprint Components

指纹是法庭科学调查中不可或缺的个人身份识别工具,不仅携带了指纹脊线的形态信息,还提供了指纹内、外源性残留物的化学信息,能够反映提供者的年龄、性别、种族和吸毒习惯等个人特征。随着分析仪器的发展,指纹中的残留物质能通过成像技术清晰呈现。通过介绍光谱、质谱和免疫成像分析技术在法庭科学指纹残留物鉴定中的应用,并讨论了每种方法的优缺点,实践中可根据具体情况选择合适的技术。未来成像技术将在灵敏度、特异性、空间分辨率、定量稳定性,以及现场快速分析等方向上有新的发展,以期更好地服务各类案件的侦查。

Fingerprint has always been an indispensable personal identification tool in court scientific investigation.The fingerprint not only carries the morphological information of the fingerprint ridge,but also provides the chemical information of the endogenous and exogenous substances of the fingerprint,which can reflect the personal characteristics of the provider,such as age,gender,race and possible drug abuse habits.With the development of analytical instruments,the residual substances in fingerprints can be clearly presented by imaging technology.This paper introduces the application of spectroscopy,mass spectrometry and immunoassay technology in the identification of fingerprint residues in forensic science,and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method.In practice,the appropriate technology can be selected according to the specific situation.In the future,imaging technology will have new development in sensitivity and specificity,spatial resolution,quantitative stability and on-site rapid analysis,so as to better serve the investigation of various cases.