承淡安对近现代灸法理论及临床的贡献

Contribution of CHENG Dan’an to Modern Moxibustion Theory and Clinical Practice

整理承淡安先生关于灸法的学术思想,分析其对近现代灸法发展的贡献。灸法理论方面,衷中参西,重视营卫气血、脏腑经络学说的指导作用,并援引现代解剖学、生理学等研究成果阐释灸法起效的原理;制定了艾灸相关标准与规范,依艾炷大小、硬度、壮数不同,分强、中、弱三个层次量化艾灸刺激,以直接灸、诱导灸、反射灸归纳施灸部位,对于艾灸种类则推崇直接灸与艾条灸。灸法的临床应用方面,参照《伤寒论》条文拟定了针灸处方,其中伤寒阴证、虚证多采用灸法,还对部分杂病以及疑难重症(如中风、贫血、癌症等)的艾灸治疗进行了探讨。还研制诸多针灸临床、教学用具,探索了针灸学科的医教研模式,推动了近现代艾灸理论及临床应用的发展。

This paper summarized academic thoughts of on CHENG Dan’an moxibustion,and analyzed his contribution to modern moxibustion.In terms of moxibustion theory,he integrates Chinese and Western medicine,attaches great importance to the guiding role of ying-wei(营卫),qi-blood,zang fu organs(脏腑),channels and collaterals theories,and explains how moxibustion works by referring to modern anatomy and physiology.Moreover,he develops relevant standards and norms of moxibustion.The moxibustion stimulation is quantified into strong,medium and weak levels according to the size,hardness and number of moxa cone.The classification of direct moxibustion,induced moxibustion and reflex moxibustion tells the location of moxibustion.For the types of moxibustion,direct moxibustion and moxibustion with moxa sticks are recommended.As to the clinical application,the prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion have been drawn up with reference to the provisions of Treatise on Febrile Disease(《伤寒论》),among which moxibustion is mostly used for cold damage yin syndrome and deficiency syndrome,and the treatment of certain miscellaneous diseases and critical illnesses including stroke,anemia and cancer is also discussed.He has also developed many clinical and teaching tools for acupuncture and moxibustion,and has explored the medical teaching and research mode,thereby promoting the development of modern moxibustion theory and clinical application.