古代蒙古习惯法与纠纷解决制度——以法社会学为视角

Ancient Mongolian Customary Law and Dispute Settlement System:From Perspective of Sociology of Law

古代蒙古以成文和不成文习惯法的形式对纠纷解决方式作了规定,有审判制、天断、调解和决斗等形式。古代蒙古纠纷解决方式的选择受社会结构的影响,具有依据判例、非法律化纠纷解决方式和多种社会控制的特点。古代蒙古纠纷解决制度对当代蒙古少数民族地区纠纷的解决影响深远,应正确认识蒙古少数民族地区习惯法对纠纷化解的作用以及发挥个人的社会性特征对纠纷解决的促进作用,建立以人民调解委员会为依托的“法律合作社”。

In ancient Mongolia,there were written and unwritten customary laws to stipulate disputes,including trial system,divine judgment,mediation and duel.The choice of dispute settlement in ancient Mongolia was influenced by social structure,characterized by case law,illegal legal dispute settlement and various social control.The ancient Mongolian dispute settlement system has a far-reaching impact on the settlement of disputes in Contemporary Mongolian minority areas.We should correctly understand the role of customary law in resolving disputes in Mongolian minority areas and play the role of personal social characteristics in promoting the settlement of disputes,and establish a"legal cooperative"relying on the people’s mediation committee.