葡萄炭疽病病原生物学特性及室内毒力测定

Biological Characteristics and Toxicity Determination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Grape

为了明确葡萄炭疽病病原的生物学特性和室内毒力情况,采用菌丝生长测定了其病原菌生物学特性和室内药剂毒力测定,为该病害的防控提供理论数据。结果表明,葡萄炭疽病原菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度是25℃,产孢最佳温度为30℃;孢子萌发相对湿度高于80%,湿度越高,萌发率越高;菌丝生长最适pH为6,产孢最佳pH为4;菌丝生长最适碳氮源分别是蔗糖和蛋白胨;光照有利于菌落生长,黑暗有利于产孢量的增加;病原菌分生孢子致死温度为49℃、15 min;9种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌的毒力从小为:丙环唑>氟环唑>苯醚甲环唑>己唑醇>戊唑醇>吡唑醚菌酯>福美双>啶酰菌胺>代森锰锌。因此葡萄炭疽病主要于蒙自草坝5—7月的田间流行,且丙环唑、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑和己唑醇对葡萄炭疽病菌抑菌活性很高,可指导该病害的田间化学防治用药。

In order to provide data for control on grape anthrax in the field,the biological characteristics and indoor effective fungicides screening of Colletotrichumg loeosporioides in grapes were studied,the biological characteristics were determined by mycelium growth and spore germination,and the mycelium growth rate method was used to screen the better fungicides against Colletotrichumg loeosporioides indoors.The result shows that the optimal temperature for mycelia growth and spore germination of Colletotrichumg loeosporioides is 25℃,suitable temperature for sporulation is 30℃;most of spores can germinate when the relative humidity is over 80%,the higher the humidity is,the higher the germination rate is.The optimal pH of mycelia growth and sporulation is respectively 6 and 4;the optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelia growth are respectively sucrose and peptone;the illumination conditions is beneficial to mycelia growth,while the darkness is beneficial to increase of spore production;the lethal temperature of conidia is 49℃for 15 min.Indoor toxicity tests of nine fungicides demonstrated that the bioactivity against Colletotrichumg loeosporioides were:propiconazole>epoxiconazole>difenoconazole>hexaconazole>tebuconazole>pyraclostrobin>thiram>boscalid>mancozeb.Sothe grape anthracnose was mainly prevalent in Caoba town of Mengzi city on May to July every year,and the propiconazole,epoxiconazole,difenoconazole and hexaconazo lewere most effective to Colletotrichumgloeosporioides,these fungicides would be used as a reference for control of this disease in field.