父母消极养育方式与学前儿童社会适应问题的关系:亲子冲突的中介作用

The Relationship between Negative Parenting Behavior and Preschoolers’Social Adjustment:Mediating Effects of Parent-child Conflicts

父母养育方式与亲子关系对学前儿童的社会适应有非常重要的影响。为探讨父母养育方式、亲子关系、学前儿童社会适应问题三者之间的关系,本研究从某市6所幼儿园抽取446名中班儿童及其父母作为被试,采用父母养育方式问卷、亲子关系量表测查第一年的父母养育方式及亲子关系,一年后采用儿童社会能力与行为评价量表测查儿童的社会适应问题。结果发现,父亲和母亲的消极养育行为均能正向预测儿童的愤怒攻击,母亲的消极养育行为还能正向预测儿童的焦虑退缩,表明母亲消极养育行为的影响范围大于父亲;父子冲突在父亲消极养育行为与儿童愤怒攻击之间起完全中介作用,母子冲突在母亲消极养育行为与儿童愤怒攻击和焦虑退缩之间均起完全中介作用。父母应重视自身养育行为与亲子关系对学前儿童发展的潜在影响,注意避免或改正威胁强迫、体罚责骂、过度保护等消极养育行为,积极与儿童建立亲密型亲子关系,促进儿童社会适应的良好发展。

This study investigated the relationship among negative parenting behavior,parent-child conflicts and preschoolers’social adjustment.446 preschoolers and their parents participated in this study.Child-Rearing Practices Report(CRPR)was used to test negative parenting behavior and Parent-Child Relationship Scale was used to test parent-child conflicts at first,while Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale(SCBE-30)was used to test children’s angry-aggressive and anxious-withdrawn behavior after a year.Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the models.The results reveal that negative parenting behavior is positively correlated with preschoolers’angry-aggressive and anxious-withdrawn behavior in which mothers’contribution is greater than that of fathers.Parent-child conflicts fully mediate the association between negative parenting behavior and preschooler’s social adjustment problems.Therefore,both fathers and mothers should pay attention to their parenting behavior and its effects on children’s development.Parents should avoid or correct any kind of negative parenting behavior and try to form warm and intimate relationship with their children.