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3~6岁幼儿粗大动作与执行功能发展特点及关系研究 被引量:8

Research on the Developmental Characteristics and Relationship between Gross Movement and Executive Function of 3 to 6 Years Old Children
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摘要 目的:探讨3~6岁幼儿粗大动作和执行功能的发展特点及二者间相关关系。方法:采用随机整群抽样法以北京市朝阳区和丰台区两所幼儿园3~6岁436名幼儿为研究对象,以半岁为单位划分6个年龄段,采用大肌肉动作发展测试第三版(TGMD-3)对幼儿的粗大动作水平进行测试,采用学龄前儿童执行功能行为评定问卷父母版(BRIEF-P)评价幼儿的执行功能,使用皮尔逊双侧相关和多层回归法探讨二者以及各指标之间的关系。结果:1)3~6岁幼儿粗大动作总分、位移、物控、执行功能以及各子功能得分随年龄的增长而显著提高(P<0.001),各项目中仅在物体控制得分上男童优于女童(P<0.05);2)3~6岁幼儿的粗大动作与执行功能及其各子功能均呈中低度负相关(r<-0.6,P<0.05),但与抑制功能却呈中高度负相关(r=-0.46~-0.75,P<0.001),且男童呈中度负相关(r=-0.46~-0.57,P<0.001),女童呈中低度负相关(r=-0.37~-0.42,P<0.001);3)多层线性回归分析显示,粗大动作总分对幼儿的执行功能总分以及抑制得分均具有预测作用(P<0.05),解释率分别为23.1%、40.2%。结论:3~6岁幼儿的粗大动作发展与执行功能具有相关关系,可以通过发展3~6岁幼儿的粗大动作能力来提升其执行功能以及抑制功能水平。 Objective: To explore the developmental characteristics of gross movement and executive function in children aged 3 to 6 and the correlation between them. Methods: Using random cluster sampling methods, the study selected 436 children from two kindergartens in Chaoyang and Fengtai Districts in Beijing as the research objects, who were divided into six age groups by a half years old as a unit. Young children’s gross motor development level was tested by TGMD-3. Young children’s executive function was assessed by pre-school children functional behavior assessment questionnaire(BRIEF-P). Both sides and the relationship between the indexes were explored using the methods of Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: 1) The total gross movement, displacement, object control, executive function and sub-function scores of children aged 3 to 6 years increased significantly with age(P<0.001). In each item,boys were better than girls only in object control(P<0.05). 2) The gross motor activity of children aged 3 to 6 years was negatively correlated with executive function and its sub-functions(r<-0.6, P<0.05), but it was negatively correlated with inhibitory function(r=-0.46~-0.75, P<0.001), and it was moderately negatively correlated with boys(r=-0.46~-0.57, P<0.001), and it was negatively correlated with girls(r=-0.37~-0.42, P<0.001). 3) The multi-layer linear regression analysis showed that the total score of gross movement had a predictive effect on the total score of executive function and inhibition score of children(P<0.05), with the interpretation rate of 23.1% and 40.2%. Conclusions: There is a correlation between gross movement development and executive function in 3 to 6 year old children. It is suggested that the executive function and inhibitory function of 3 to 6 years old children can be improved by developing their gross motor ability.
作者 杨硕 李亚梦 付若凡 任园春 王欢 YANG Shuo;LI Yameng;FU Ruofan;REN Yuanchun;WANG Huan(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)
出处 《中国体育科技》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第3期51-58,共8页 China Sport Science and Technology
基金 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(21YJA890025) 国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本22-03)。
关键词 幼儿 粗大动作 执行功能 抑制能力 children gross movement executive function inhibition
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