北京社区老年人代谢综合征知信行现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status of knowledge,attitude and practice of metabolic syndrome and its influencing factors among the elderly in Beijing community

目的了解社区老年人代谢综合征(MS)知识、态度、行为现状,并分析其影响因素,为老年人MS的防治提供指导。方法2021年1月至2021年8月对北京市丰台区方庄社区卫生服务中心健康体检的65岁及以上常住居民(居住时间≥6个月)采用自行设计的MS知信行调查问卷进行调查。剔除34份填写不完整的问卷,获得有效问卷491份(93.5%)。对结果采用描述性分析、Mann-Whitney U秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验多重线性回归等方法进行分析。结果社区老年人代谢综合征知识得分为7(5,10)分,态度得分为9(8,10)分,行为得分19(18,21)分。对MS组分及组分的诊断标准回答正确率均低于50%。老年人对MS的知识得分与态度(r=0.263)、行为(r=0.134)得分呈正相关(均P<0.01)。单因素与多重线性回归分析结果显示,性别、参加教育讲座、MS患病情况是MS知识得分的影响因素(均P<0.05);休闲时间、参加教育讲座、定期体检、退休前职业是MS态度得分的影响因素(均P<0.05);参加教育讲座、休闲时间、定期体检、退休前职业是行为得分的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论社区老年人对MS的组分和诊断标准知识掌握程度低,但对MS的防治态度和行为积极;MS的知信行水平受健康教育讲座、职业、定期体检等影响。应加强社区老年人MS诊断标准等相关知识的教育,增强MS的防病意识,提高老年人对MS的知信行水平。

Objective To understand the status of knowledge,attitude and practice of metabolic syndrome(MS)among the elderly in the community and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of MS.Methods From January 2021 to August 2021,permanent residents(residence duration≥6 months)aged 65 and above with regular health check examination in Fangzhuang Community Health Service Center of Fengtai District,Beijing were investigated using self-designed MS knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire.After excluding 34 incomplete questionnaires,the 491 valid questionnaires were recycled with questionnaire valid percentage of 93.5%(491/525).The survey results were analyzed by descriptive analysis,Mann-Whitney U test,Kruskal-Wallis H test and multiple linear regression analysis and multiple linear regression.Results The scores of MS knowledge,attitude and practice of the elderly in the community were 7(5,10),9(8,10)and 19(18,21)respectively.The correct answer rate of the diagnostic criteria of MS components was less than 50%.The score of knowledge about MS in the elderly was positively correlated with the scores of attitudes(r=0.263)and practice(r=0.134)(all P<0.01).The results of univariate and multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,attending educational lectures and the prevalence of MS were the influencing factors of MS knowledge score(all P<0.05).Leisure time,attending educational lectures,pre-retirement occupation and regular health check examination were the influencing factors for MS attitude score(all P<0.05);attending educational lectures,leisure time,regular health check examination and pre-retirement occupation were the influencing factors for MS practice score(all P<0.05).Conclusions The elderly in the community have a low level of knowledge about the components and diagnostic criteria of MS,but have a positive attitude and practice towards the prevention and treatment of MS.The level of knowledge,attitude and practice of MS is affected by health education lectures,occupation,regular health check examination and other factors.Health education on the diagnostic criteria and the awareness of disease prevention for the elderly in the community should be strengthened to improve the levels of the knowledge,attitude and practice of MS.