我国南北不同地域自备水源水质指标及微生物群落结构特征比较

Comparison of water quality indexes and microbial community structure characteristics of self-contained water sources in different regions of north and south China

目的 比较我国南北不同地域自备水源的水质指标及微生物群落结构特征,评价其安全性。方法 本研究对我国南北5省边远散地域(北京郊区、黑龙江边境地域、内蒙古偏远地域、广西边境地域和云南边境地域)的317个自备水源进行采样,对浑浊度、总硬度和pH等水质指标进行分析,以高通量测序法对水样的微生物群落结构进行解析。结果 不同地域自备水源的水质和微生物群落结构存在较大的差异性,内蒙古偏远地域的阴离子指标最大值超标严重,在内蒙古-东和内蒙古-西两组水样中SO_(4)^(2-)最大浓度值分别为543.12和666.33 mg/L, Cl^(-)与NO_(3)^(-)也存在超标情况。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是5省自备水源水样的第一优势菌门,其相对丰度为56.87%-99.38%。具有一定致病性的短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas)在各个样品中广泛分布(1.50%-27.27%)。反硝化过程的典型菌株假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)存在于北京、黑龙江和内蒙古水样中(2.96%-38.41%),广西和云南并未检出。北京、黑龙江和内蒙古水样中各种功能表达基因的数量远高于广西和云南水样。结论 我国南北5省自备水源在水质和微生物群落特征方面均存在差异;较之南方自备水源,北方自备水源普遍受到了人类活动的影响。

Objective To compare the water quality indexes and microbial community structure characteristics of self-contained water sources in different regions of north and south China and evaluate their safety. Methods This study sampled 317 self-contained water sources in remote areas(Beijing suburbs, Heilongjiang border areas,Inner Mongolia remote areas, Guangxi border areas and Yunnan border areas) of 5 provinces in north and south China, and analyzed water quality indicators such as turbidity, total hardness and pH. The microbial community structure of water samples was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing method. Results There were great differences in water quality and microbial community structure of self-contained water sources in different regions.The maximum value of anion index in remote areas of Inner Mongolia exceeded the standard seriously. The maximum concentration of SO_(4)^(2-) in water samples from Inner Mongolia-east and Inner Mongolia-west were 543.12 and 666.33 mg/L, respectively, the concentration of Cl^(-) and NO_(3)^(-) also exceeded the standard. Proteobacteria was the first dominant phylum in the water samples of self-contained water sources in the 5 provinces, and the relative abundance was 56.87%-99.38%. Brevundimonas with certain pathogenicity was widely distributed in various samples(1.50%-27.27%). Pseudomonas, a typical denitrifying bacterium, existed in water samples from Beijing,Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia(2.96%-38.41%), but was not detected in Guangxi and Yunnan. The numbers of functional expression genes in water samples from Beijing, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia were much higher than that in Guangxi and Yunnan. Conclusion There are differences in water quality and microbial community characteristics of self-contained water sources in the 5 provinces of north and south China, compared with the southern self-contained water sources, the self-contained water sources in the north are generally affected by human activities.