果蔬中常见真菌毒素的检测研究进展

Research progress on the detection of common mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables

果蔬在田间的生长过程以及采摘后的贮存、运输和加工过程中,容易受到病原真菌的污染,病原菌通过寄主果蔬表面伤口或自然孔口侵入,导致果蔬腐烂并积累大量真菌毒素。腐烂果蔬会造成巨大的经济损失,同时经由食物链的传递威胁人和动物的健康。鉴于果蔬中真菌毒素的危害性,本文总结了近年来主要污染果蔬的毒素的种类、污染现状、危害及其检测方法,其中目前检测仍以色谱法、质谱法等仪器检测为主,虽然可以精确定量检测,但是耗材和时间成本较大;随着大规模样本的筛选检测需求的提高,免疫法和表面增强拉曼光谱法等高通量的快速检测逐渐受到关注。本文旨在为真菌毒素的检测防控提供参考。

During the process of growing, storage, transportation and processing after picking, fruits and vegetables are easily contaminated by pathogenic fungi which invades fruit and vegetable through surface wound or natural pores, leading to the rot of fruits and vegetables and accumulation of a large number of mycotoxins. Rotting fruits and vegetables can cause huge economic losses and threaten human and animals’ health through the food chain.In view of the harmfulness of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, this paper summarized the main pollution of toxins, pollution status, hazard and detection methods of mycotoxins. In recent years, chromatography, mass spectrometry and other chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments could be accurate and quantitative detection,but the cost of materials and time was high. With the increasing demand of screening and detection of large-scale samples, high throughput rapid detection such as immunoassay and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)had been attracted attention. This paper aimed to provide references for the prevention and control of mycotoxins.