陕西安康地区农作物重金属浓度空间变异及污染评价

Spatial variability and pollution valuation of heavy metal concentration in crops in Ankang area, Anhui Province

目的 分析陕西安康地区农作物重金属污染状况。方法 通过测定安康区域不同农作物中6种重金含量,对安康区域农作物重金属污染状况进行分析和评价。采用单项污染指数法,按照GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》、国家中药重金属及农药残留标准进行检测,分析安康区域内农作物重金属污染的空间变异,评估其污染状况。结果 安康区域内蔬菜类和水果类农作物铅含量超标情况较为严重,其中镇坪地区农作物铬和镉含量超标;安康地区农作物重金属污染成分中,第一主成分为镉、锌、铅、砷,其主要来自以工农业生产为主、交通运输等为辅的人为活动污染源,第二主成分为铬、铜,其主要来自土壤母质源导致的农作物吸收。结论 该区域生态环境总体良好,能满足NY/T 5010—2016《无公害农作物种植业产地环境条件》等相关标准的要求。监测范围除个别区域外,均可做为无公害大田、林果、蔬菜及其他经济类作物、食用菌的生产基地。

Objective To analyze the heavy metal pollution status of crops in Ankang area, Anhui Province.Methods By measuring the content of 6 kinds of heavy metals in different crops in Ankang region, the pollution status of heavy metals in crops in Ankang region was analyzed and evaluated. The spatial variation of heavy metal pollution in crops in Ankang area was analyzed and the pollution status was evaluated by using the single pollution index method according to the GB 2762—2017 National standard for food safety-Limits of pollutants in food and national standard for heavy metals and pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine. Results The lead content of vegetables and fruit crops in Ankang area exceeded the standard seriously, among which, the content of chromium and cadmium in crops in Zhenping area exceeded the standard, among the heavy metal pollution components of crops in Ankang area, the first principal components were cadmium, zinc, lead, and arsenic, which mainly came from anthropogenic pollution sources, such as industrial and agricultural production, supplemented by transportation, etc.The second principal components were chromium and copper, which mainly came from the absorption of crops caused by soil parent material sources. Conclusion The ecological environment of the region is generally good,which can meet the requirements of NY/T 5010—2016 Pollution-free crops-Environmental conditions of planting area and other relevant standards. In addition to a few areas, the monitoring range can be used as pollution-free field,forest fruit, vegetables and other economic crops, edible fungi production base.