农作物收入保险产品设计与定价机制研究——以大豆收入保险为例

Research on the Product Design and Pricing Mechanism of Crop Revenue Insurance:Take Soybean Revenue Insurance as an Example

收入保险能够同时保障产量和价格两方面风险,同时合乎WTO贸易协定的绿箱政策规则,正逐步成为中国农业保险市场力推的主要产品类型。结合国际实践经验,以中国2001—2019大豆种植数据为基础,使用Copula函数等方法,对是否附加收获期价格期权条款的两种收入保险方案(RP-HPO和RP-HPE)的费率水平和赔付分布进行了测算,结果表明,大豆收入保险在75%~100%的保障程度下,RP-HPO方案费率水平在2.4%~12.1%之间,RP-HPE方案费率水平在2.4%~11.4%之间,费率上升幅度有限;无论是HPE方案还是HPO方案,设定适当的保障程度都能够避免小额赔付进而降低费率水平;但是随着保障程度的降低,价格期权的风险管理作用也随之下降。政府在制定区域政策性收入保险方案时,应当在引导农户采用HPO方案进行投保的同时匹配以较高的风险保障水平。

This study analyzes and compares two revenue insurance plans,RP-HPO and RP-HPE,which differ in terms of harvest price option clauses,from the perspectives of rate levels and compensation distribution.The analysis is based on soybean planting data in China from 2001 to 2019,using methods such as the Copula function.The analysis reveals that for soybean revenue insurance with a level of protection of 75%-100%,the rate levels of the RP-HPO plans are between 2.4% and 12.1%,while the rate levels of the RP-HPE plans are between 2.4% and 11.4%,with a limited increase in rates.Whether it is the HPE plan or the HPO plan,setting an appropriate level of protection can avoid small-sum compensation and reduce the rate level;however,as the level of protection decreases,the risk management role of price options also declines.When formulating regional policy-based revenue insurance plans,the government should match a higher risk protection level with HPO plans when guiding farmers to adopt this type of insurance.