新时代中国高等教育质量政策焦点的质化考察

A Qualitative Study on the Focus of China’s Higher Education Quality Policy in the New Era

新时代引领中国高等教育迈入高质量发展新阶段,新形势要求高等教育质量政策作出新调适。研究运用扎根理论编码技术对党的十八大以来国家层面发布的166份相关文件进行主题抽取,并进一步展开历时考察、相关聚类和主体偏好分析等一系列质性探究后发现:新时代我国高等教育质量政策在话语演进维度上大体经历了起步空窗期(2012—2013)、渐进发展期(2014—2016)、全面完善期(2017—2018)、主动调适期(2019—2020)四个阶段;在话语结构维度上,呈现出“一元多从”的差序格局,元主题“治理优化”的管理主义色彩浓厚且辐射广泛,对“教师队伍”等亚主题参与高等教育质量建设的相关话语赋能不足;在话语取向维度上,不同发文主体的政策注意力分配上结构性失衡与“互文同构”并存,引发了质量相关政策话语的“马太效应”,使高等教育质量远离文化滋养,囿于碎片化刚性指标丛林。

The new era leads China’s higher education into a new stage of high-quality development. The new situation requires new adjustments to the quality policy of higher education. This paper makes a series of qualitative researches(including topic coding, correlation clustering, diachronic investigation and subject preference analysis)on 166 policy texts of higher education quality issued at the national level since the 18th National Congress of the CPC. The conclusions show that: In terms of discourse evolution, China’s higher education quality policy in the new era has generally experienced four stages: starting window period(2012-2013), progressive development period(2014-2016), comprehensive improvement period(2017-2018) and active adjustment period(2019-);In the dimension of discourse structure, it presents a differential order pattern of "one center,multiple sub-centers", the management color of the meta theme "governance optimization" is strong and widely radiated, and the discourse empowerment related to the participation of sub themes such as "teachers" in the construction of higher education quality is insufficient;In the dimension of discourse orientation, the structural imbalance in the distribution of policy attention of different issuers coexists with "intertextuality isomorphism", which leads to the "Matthew Effect" of quality related policy discourse, which makes the quality of higher education far away from cultural nourishment and confined to the jungle of fragmented rigid indicators.