4UMZ-1400型后收集式木薯联合收获机设计与试验

Design and experiment of 4UMZ-1400 rear-collected type cassava combined harvester

针对木薯分段收获仍需大量人工作业的问题,基于木薯宽窄双行起垄种植农艺要求,确定木薯联合收获机工作原理与总体结构,并对振动挖掘装置、薯土分离装置、木薯收集装置等关键部件进行讨论与分析,设计4UMZ-1400型后收集式木薯联合收获机,该机一次作业能够完成木薯块根的挖掘松土、木薯土壤分离输送提升、木薯收集装箱及自卸装车等功能。作业时,轮式拖拉机跨垄行走在相邻两垄沟中,便于机手操控,收获过程中不压伤木薯块根,实现垄上木薯有效对行收获,通过联合作业,减少人工捡拾装车作业环节,有效提高收获效率。田间试验表明,4UMZ-1400型后收集式木薯联合收获机完全符合木薯宽窄双行起垄种植农艺机收作业要求,损失率≤6.8%、含杂率≤9.7%、生产率0.21~0.33 hm^(2)/h,满足设计要求。

To solve the problem of high requirement of extensive manual operations facing cassava stage⁃harvesting,a 4UMZ-1400 rearcollected type cassava combined harvester was designed according to agronomic requirements of cassava wide⁃and⁃narrow⁃double⁃row ridge planting model.In this paper,working principle and gross structure of the designed harvester were introduced,and its key components including vibration digging device,cassava root and soil separation device and cassava root collection device were discussed and analyzed.The combine harvester completed root digging and separating from soil,root conveying and lifting,root collecting,packing,automatically discharging and loading onto trucks in one operation.The harvester realized efficient harvesting with tractor wheels running in furrows between ridges in harvesting without rolling on and damaging cassava roots,which was convenient for tractor driver’s operation.The application of combined operation avoided manual collection of cassava roots and effectively improved harvest efficiency.Field experiments showed the harvester met the mechanical harvesting requirements of cassava planted with wide⁃and⁃narrow⁃double⁃row ridge planting model.With a loss rate of≤6.8%,impurity rate of≤9.7%,and productivity of 0.21-0.33 hm^(2)/h,the harvester satisfied the design requirements.