茶园开沟施肥覆土一体机的设计与试验

Design and analysis of an integrated machine for trenching,fertilizing and mulching in tea plantations

针对丘陵山区茶园机械化较为落后,大型茶园管理机体积庞大、机动性欠佳、维护成本较高,小型茶园管理机动力不足、耕作深度不合格,设计符合丘陵山区茶园作业的开沟施肥覆土一体机。介绍机具的工作原理,对开沟部件、施肥机构、仿形陷深装置等关键部件进行设计,分析开沟刀具的设计和工作过程,确定满足工作的结构要求及满足农艺要求的施肥覆土;分析整机功耗和工作受力过程,确定满足山区工况的动力要求。田间试验结果表明,该机开沟沟深138~149.8 mm,平均沟深145.5 mm,开沟深度稳定系数90.07%~92.21%,平均耕深稳定系数91.1%;各段平均施肥量为21.6 g,施肥均匀性变异系数为3.4%,其关键性能参数均满足茶园农艺要求,设计方案较为合理,能稳定高效作业。

Tea plantations in hilly mountainous areas are plagued by underdeveloped mechanization techniques which present challenges relating to large tea garden management machines being bulky,having poor maneuverability and high maintenance costs.On the other hand,small tea garden management machines face challenges such as insufficient power and unqualified plowing depth.To this regard,an integrated machine for trenching,fertilizing and mulching in line with the operation of tea plantations in hilly mountainous areas was designed.The working principle of the machine was introduced,and the key components such as furrowing parts,fertilizer application mechanism and imitation trapping depth device were designed.The design and working process of the furrowing tool were analyzed to determine the structural requirements needed for effective fertilizer application and mulching as well as to meet the agronomic requirements.The power consumption and working mechanism of the whole machine were analyzed to determine the power requirements to meet the working conditions in mountainous areas.The field test results showed that the machine had an open furrow depth of 138-149.8 mm,with an average furrow depth of 145.5 mm,an open furrow depth stability coefficient of 90.07%-92.21%,and an average plowing depth stability coefficient of 91.1%.The average fertilizer application volume of each section was 21.6 g,the coefficient of variation of fertilizer uniformity was 3.4%,and all its key performance parameters met the agronomic requirements of tea plantations.The design scheme is reasonable and can operate stably and efficiently.