《大清律例·强盗》例文所见清代强盗罪中的几个问题

Several Problems in the Crime of Robbers in the Qing Dynasty Seen in the Texts of Laws and Regulations of the Qing Dynasty:Robbers

《大清律例·强盗》的49条例文对强盗罪的律文内容进行了全面、多层次的系统化解释,丰富的例文也为清代强盗罪研究提供了颇具价值的参照。本文择取反映强盗罪定罪量刑的例文中三个较为典型的问题,从例文本身着手,结合对应判例进行释读。清律基本承袭明律,形成了体系化的自首认定,设有“强盗自首”专条,遵循了清律关于犯罪自首的一般性规定,将供述自己或他人罪行分为自行投首与供获他盗。强盗罪的行为性质决定其与多种其他罪名间必然产生数罪的竞合,在例文中对此也已据情形分别规定。对京畿盗犯与洋盗犯的法律规制体现了强盗罪中对特殊犯罪主体的关注。

The 49 texts in Laws and Regulations of the Qing Dynasty:Robbers provide a comprehensive and multi-level systematic explanation for the legal content of the robber crime.The rich texts also provide a valuable reference for the study of the robber crime in the Qing Dynasty.This paper selects three typical problems in the conviction and sentencing of robber crime reflected in the texts to interpret them from the texts themselves and in combination with the corresponding precedents.The Qing law basically inherits the Ming Law.It forms a systematic identification of voluntary surrender and sets a special article on“robber voluntary surrender”.It follows the general provisions of the Qing law on criminal voluntary surrender and divides the confession of one’s own or another’s crime into voluntary surrender and confession of other thieves.The behavior nature of robber crime determines that it will inevitably produce the concurrence of several crimes with a variety of other crimes,which has also been stipulated separately according to the situation in the texts.The legal regulation of Gyeonggi robbers and foreign robbers reflects the attention to the subject of special crimes in the robber crime.