语言接触:赤峰汉语方言语音特点成因

Language Contact:The Causes of Phonetic Characteristics of Chifeng Chinese Dialect

赤峰历史悠久,多民族杂居。赤峰方言区的临界清晰,方言成因明确,由于驿站、灾荒、贸易和通婚等原因大量汉人进入赤峰地区。各方言在赤峰地区糅杂,在清朝末期逐渐形成赤峰汉语方言。赤峰话声母系统较普通话多两个,分别为疑母[η]和微母[v]。赤峰汉语方言声母“见组”字和“精组”字分化成舌面音不够彻底。部分声母送气音在赤峰方言读为不送气音的成因复杂,首先是受全浊声母清音化的影响;其次是受声旁误读影响。相较于普通话,初、莊、生三组声母变化规律在赤峰话中更符合语音正常发展规律。赤峰汉语方言韵母数量与普通话一致,主要差别是赤峰话中元音舌位普遍较普通话靠前。赤峰汉语方言与普通话的声调数量一致,但是音域较窄,调值仅能达到4度,达不到5度,赤峰汉语方言语流音变中没有半上声的变化,半上声读为阴平。

Chifeng has a long history and many ethnic groups living together.The critical point of Chifeng dialect area is clear.The causes of the dialect are clear.Due to post stations,famine,trade and intermarriage,a large number of Han people enter Chifeng area.Various dialects were mixed in Chifeng area and gradually formed Chifeng Chinese dialect in the late Qing Dynasty.There are two more initials in Chifeng dialect than in Mandarin,which are suspected initials [η] and micro parent [v].The initial consonants“Jianzu”and“Jingzu”in Chifeng Chinese dialect are not completely differentiated into lingual sounds.The reasons why some initial aspirated sounds are pronounced as non-aspirated sounds in Chifeng dialect are complex.Firstly,they are affected by the invoicing of full turbid initials;Secondly,they are affected by the misreading of the vocal side.Compared with Mandarin,the change law of initial consonants of Chu,Zhuang and Sheng is more in line with the normal development law of pronunciation in Chifeng dialect.The number of vowels in Chifeng Chinese dialect is consistent with that in Mandarin.The main difference is that the vowel tongue position in Chifeng dialect is generally higher than that in Mandarin.The number of tones of Chifeng Chinese dialect is the same as that of Mandarin,but the range is narrow.The tone value can only reach 4 degrees and less than 5 degrees.There is no change of semi upper voice in the flow sound change of Chifeng Chinese dialect.The upper half of the voice reads Yin Ping.