雄安新区上游农业水足迹及其经济效益研究

Agricultural water footprint in the upstream of Xiong’an New Area and its economic efficiency

量化作物单方耗水产生的经济效益对于通过经济手段调控农业用水具有重要意义。基于水足迹理论,以雄安新区上游为研究区,首先模拟了主要农作物的蓝水足迹和生产水足迹,并结合统计数据评估了作物的水足迹经济效益,最后通过调查数据对模拟值进行了评价。结果表明:2001-2016年研究区小麦、玉米、大豆、花生和棉花5种主要农作物的蓝水足迹在384~4611 m^(3)/hm^(2)之间,生产水足迹在4122~6453 m^(3)/hm^(2)之间,蓝水足迹经济效益在1.15~19.29元/m^(3)之间,生产水足迹经济效益在0.38~2.02元/m^(3)之间;不同水文年型下作物的生产水足迹经济效益并没有显著的差别,但是蓝水足迹经济效益的差别较大,尤其是玉米和大豆作物;整体而言,研究区西部山区的水足迹经济效益低于东部平原地区;模型评估的水足迹经济效益与农户在实际生产过程中的数值有一定的差距,造成此现象的主要原因是水足迹的差异。

Quantifying the economic efficiency of water consumption of different crops is the premise for the regulation of agricultural water consumption by economic means.Based on the water footprint theory,we simulated the blue water footprint and production water footprint of main crops in the upstream of Xiong’an New Area,and evaluated the economic efficiency of the water footprint in combination with statistical data.Then,the simulated results were verified by the survey data.The results show that in the period of 2001-2016,the blue water footprints of wheat,maize,soybean,peanut and cotton ranged from 384 to 4,611 m^(3)/hm^(2);the production water footprints ranged from 4,122 to 6,453 m^(3)/hm^(2);the economic efficiency of blue water footprints ranged from 1.15 to 19.29 yuan/m^(3);and the economic efficiency of production water footprints ranged from 0.38 to 2.02 yuan/m^(3).There was no significant difference in the economic efficiency of production water footprint of different crops under different hydrological year types,but the difference of economic efficiency of blue water footprint was very significant,especially for maize and soybean.In terms of spatial features,the economic efficiency of water footprint in western mountainous area was lower than that in eastern plain area.However,there was a certain gap between the simulated value of the model and the economic efficiency of the water footprint in the actual production process,which was mainly caused by the difference of the water footprints.