我国煤气化技术发展与展望

Development and prospect of coal gasification technology in China

煤气化技术作为煤炭资源清洁高效利用的关键技术,近年来发展迅速。概述了煤气化技术在我国能源利用和发展中的重要作用,介绍了当前我国煤气化技术应用的发展脉络,对比了常见的固定床气化技术、流化床气化技术和气流床气化技术在我国的应用情况,总结了各种气化技术的特点和应用情况,指出我国应用煤气化技术的经验和教训,并对新生的气化技术及常见的煤气化技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。我国煤气化技术已逐步从早期“外延粗放式”进入到了“内涵集约式”的发展阶段,在“双碳”产业政策背景下,煤气化技术应进入精耕细作研究阶段以提质增效,提高气化炉的整体效率、拓宽煤种适应性、提高气化炉单炉生产能力、降低停车风险保障装置的可靠性、降低气化技术对环境影响程度、强化煤气化与新型煤化工的技术集成是煤气化技术的发展方向。

As a key technology for clean and efficient utilization of coal resources, coal gasification technology has developed rapidly in recent years. The important role of coal gasification technology in energy utilization and development in China was summarized, the current development context of coal gasification technology application in China was introduced, and the mainstream fixed bed gasification technology, fluidized bed gasification technology and entrained bed gasification technology were compared. The characteristics and applications of various gasification technologies were summarized, the experience and lessons of coal gasification technology application in China were pointed out, the future development trend of new gasification technology and mainstream coal gasification technology was forecasted. It is proposed that China′s coal gasification technology has gradually changed from extensive in the early stage to connotation intensive development stage. Under the background of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals",the development direction of coal gasification technology mainly foucus on improving the overall efficiency of the gasifier, broadenning the adaptability of coal types, improving the production capacity of a single furnace of the gasifier, reducing the risk of shutdown, ensuring the reliability of the device, reducing the impact of gasification technology on the environment, and strengthening coal gasification technology integration with new coal chemical industry.