秦巴山区中部生态敏感性时空演变及影响因素

Spatio-temporal evolution of ecological sensitivity and its influencing factors in the central Qinling-Daba Mountain area

秦巴山区因其独特的地理位置,人口、资源与环境问题日益突出,生态环境脆弱敏感。本文选取秦巴山区中部的汉中、安康、商洛3市为研究对象,基于2000、2005、2010、2015和2018年5个年份的DEM数据、土地利用数据、人口密度数据等,应用PSR(压力-状态-响应)模型、熵值法、地理探测器等方法,对比分析了秦巴山区中部生态敏感性时空演变及其影响因素。研究结果表明:1)秦巴山区中部生态敏感程度较高的区域主要集中在汉台区、洛南县和镇坪县,其中镇坪县在研究时段内均为极度敏感区;2)秦巴山区中部的生态敏感程度整体呈下降趋势,极度敏感区的变化更为显著,从2000年的12.35%下降至2018年的2.91%;3)基于地理探测器对秦巴山区中部生态敏感性的影响因素分析表明,汉中市压力指标人口密度、状态指标高程、响应指标林地最大斑块指数q值较大,对生态敏感性影响较为显著。安康市的距水源距离为生态敏感性压力指标的主导因素,状态指标的主要驱动因子为高程,耕地破碎化程度q值较大,成为安康市生态敏感性响应指标的主要影响因子。商洛市的压力指标人口密度、状态指标高程、响应指标林地最大斑块指数的q值较大,占据主导地位。该研究结果对于秦巴山区中部生态规划和可持续发展具有重要的意义。

With unique geographical location,Qinling-Daba Mountain area has a fragile and sensitive ecological environment,and the population,resources,and environmental problems in the area have become increasingly prominent.The central Qinling-Daba Mountain area(Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo)is studied to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological sensitivity and its influencing factors in the central Qinling-Daba Mountain area by using the data of DEM,land use,and population density of 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2018,and methods of PSR(pressure-state-re‐sponse)model,entropy method,and geographical detector.The results show that:1)the areas with high ecological sensitivity were mainly located in Hantai District,Luonan County,and Zhenping County,among them,Zhenping County was the most sensitive area in the study period.2)The eco‐logical sensitivity of the central Qinling-Daba Mountain area was in a downward trend,and the change of the most sensitive area was more significant,from 12.35%in 2000 to 2.91%in 2018.3)By com‐paring the three cities,we found that in Hanzhong,the q value of the population density of pressure in‐dex,the elevation of state index,and the maximum patch index of forest land of response index were large,forming the main effects on ecological sensitivity;in Ankang,the distance from the water was the dominant factor of the pressure index,the main driving factor of the state index was elevation,and the main influencing factor of response index was the degree of fragmentation of cultivated land;in Shangluo,the q value of the population density of pressure index,the elevation of state index and the maximum patch index of forest land of response index were large and predominant.The results have significance for ecological planning and sustainable development in the central Qinling-Daba Mountain area.