论数据要素市场下数据权益配置

Discussion on Data Rights and Interests Allocation in Data Factor Market

数字经济时代,数据作为一种新型生产要素,不仅是企业竞争的生产资料,也成为大国竞争的战略资源。而数据要素配置是数据要素市场建立形成的先决条件,关系到国家竞争优势构建、企业生产权益保障、个人隐私安全保护等多元主体利益关系的权衡。由于数据要素的独特属性,数据产权制度不完善及相关实践停滞不前,加之不同主体之间的诉求难以满足,数据权益配置面临严峻挑战。对此,我国应构建精细化的权益保护体系,开展数据要素权益配置试点,提升数据监管手段和能力,培育和建设符合我国发展实际的数据要素市场。

In the era of digital economy, as a new production factor, data is not only the means of production for enterprises competition, but also the strategic resource for great powers. The allocation of data elements is a prerequisite for the establishment and formation of the data element market, which is related to the balance of the interests of multiple subjects, such as the construction of national competitive advantage, the protection of enterprise production rights and interests, and the protection of personal privacy and security. Due to the unique attributes of data elements, the imperfect data property right system and the stagnation of relevant practice, as well as the difficulty in meeting the demands of different subjects, the allocation of data rights and interests is facing severe challenges. In this regard, this paper proposes that China should build a refined rights and interests protection system, carry out pilot data element rights allocation, improve data supervision means and capacities, and build a data element market in line with China’s development reality.