汉代易学对理想政治制度的追求及其演进

The Pursuit of the Yi Ology of the Han Dynasty to the Ideal Political System and Its Evolution

春秋战国时期,包括《易传》在内的儒家政治哲学对治乱兴衰规律、国家治理之道的探讨,为儒家政治哲学最终取得统治思想的合法地位,做了思想上和理论上的准备。《易传》是汉代易学的思想基础与理论依据,汉代易学在宏观上参与了两汉统治秩序的构建,体现了儒学作为汉代统治思想的政治性意义;在微观上基于天人感应、阴阳灾变的神道设教体系的建立发挥了其借阴阳灾异占验、吉凶祸福预测对国家治理予以指导和调节的工具性作用;在汉代易学的政治实践过程中彰显了其对理想政治制度的追求与探索,肇始于《周易》古经和周初先王的儒家德治思想体系也在汉代易学的政治实践中持续完善。

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring-states Period,the debate of the Confucian political philosophy including Yi Zhuan on the law of governing the turmoil,the rule of rises and declines and the principle of the state governance,made the ideological and theoretical preparation for the Confucian political philosophy acquiring the legitimate status as the governing thought.Yi Zhuan was the ideological basis and theoretical principle of Han Yi Ology,which participated in the construction of a new ruling order of the Han Dynasty in a macro way,reflecting the political significance of Confucianism as the governing thought of the Han Dynasty.In a micro way,the establishment of Ghosts and Gods system based on the interactions between heaven and mankind and Yin Yang disasters and changes played an instrumental role in guiding and regulating the state governance with the help of practicing divination of and predicting disasters,eccentricities,happiness and blessings.Yi Zhuan highlighted its pursuit for and exploration of the ideal political system in the political practice of Han Yi Ology,and the Confucian virtue rule thought system beginning with Zhou Yi and the early Zhou rulers also got improved continuously in the process.