新马克思主义的空间转向解读及其对当代城市治理的启示

An Interpretation of the Spatial Turn of Neo-Marxism and Its Enlightenment to Contemporary Urban Governance

1960年以来,西方马克思主义理论不仅分析劳工和资本家的关系,还扩大了传统视野,将生产活动之外的各种激进运动纳入考量。正是在这种社会背景下,面对普遍出现的城市危机,新马克思主义重新发现了城市问题,打破了马克思主义研究在城市方面的沉默,其中,亨利·列斐伏尔、曼纽尔·卡斯特尔、戴维·哈维等掀起了空间问题的研究热潮。他们分析了城市危机,揭露了资本主义空间中的政治和经济矛盾,并重新阐释了城市的功能与性质,将一个无剥削的社会愿景从工业生产转向了城市空间关系上。这些思想为认识中国当前的城市问题提供了新的理论视界,为规避资本逻辑隐性的影响提供了智力支持。新马克思主义学者充分挖掘马克思主义理论潜藏的空间维度,也使马克思主义在新时代焕发活力。

Since 1960, Western Marxist theory has not only analyzed the relationship between labor and capitalists, but also expanded the traditional vision and considered various radical movements outside production activities. It is under this social background, in the face of the widespread urban crisis, that Neo-Marxism rediscovered urban problems and broke the silence of Marxism in urban areas. Among them, Henry Lefebvre, Manuel Castells and David Harvey came to the fore and set off an upsurge in space research. They analyzed the urban crisis, exposed the political and economic contradictions in the capitalist space, reinterpreted the function and nature of the city, and shifted a vision of a non-exploitation society from industrial production to urban spatial relations. These ideas provide a new theoretical horizon for understanding China’s current urban problems, and provide intellectual support for avoiding the hidden influence of capital logic. Neo-Marxist scholars have fully explored the hidden spatial dimensions of Marxist theory, which will also revitalize Marxism in the new era.