叶果比对岑溪软枝油茶半同胞家系果实生长与品质的影响

Effects of leaf-fruit ratio on fruit growth and quality in a half-sib family of Cenxi soft-branched Camellia oleifera

【目的】植物叶面积的大小影响其生长发育,探究油茶叶果比对果实生长及品质的影响规律,可为油茶园艺化栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以12年生岑溪软枝油茶半同胞家系为试材,人为控制其叶果比,按平均单果所占叶片的数量由低到高依次设置0叶2果、0叶1果、1叶2果、1叶1果、3叶2果、2叶1果、4叶2果、5叶2果、3叶1果、4叶1果、5叶1果等处理11个,采用完全随机区组试验设计,每个处理各试验30根枝条,各设3个重复,共试验990根枝条,测定并分析了不同叶果比处理的果实横径增幅均值、果实纵径增幅均值、单果质量均值、鲜果出籽率均值、单果鲜籽质量均值、鲜果出仁率均值、单果鲜仁质量均值、种仁含油率均值、种仁不饱和脂肪酸总量均值、种仁饱和脂肪酸总量均值、种仁油酸总量均值、种仁亚油酸总量均值、种仁亚麻酸总量均值、种仁硬脂酸总量均值、种仁棕榈酸总量均值、种仁角鲨烯总量均值及种仁维生素E总量均值。【结果】1)随着叶果比的增大,各处理的岑溪软枝油茶半同胞家系的果实横径增幅均值、果实纵径增幅均值、单果质量均值、单果鲜籽质量均值、鲜果出籽率均值、单果鲜仁质量均值、鲜果出仁率均值、种仁含油率均值、种仁不饱和脂肪酸总量均值、种仁饱和脂肪酸总量均值、种仁油酸总量均值、种仁亚麻酸总量均值、种仁棕榈酸总量均值总体上均呈增加趋势,表现出相同或相近的变化规律,存在着不显著、显著或极显著的差异性。2)随着叶果比的增大,各处理的种仁亚油酸总量均值、硬脂酸总量均值、角鲨烯总量均值、维生素E总量均值存在着不同程度的差异性,却均无明显的变化规律。3)随着叶果比的增加,各处理除果实纵径增幅均值、种仁亚油酸总量均值、平硬脂酸总量均值、角鲨烯总量均值、维生素E总量均值之外的其他指标(果实横径增幅均值、单果质量均值、单果鲜籽质量均值、鲜果出籽率均值、单果鲜仁质量均值、鲜果出仁率均值、种仁含油率均值、种仁不饱和脂肪酸总量均值、种仁饱和脂肪酸总量均值、种仁油酸总量均值、种仁亚麻酸总量均值、种仁棕榈酸总量均值)均呈现出有规律性的变化趋势,根据这些指标均值的变化趋势及差异性,可将11个叶果比处理大致分为如下3类:第1类,平均每果所占的叶片数在0.5片以下;第2类,平均每果所占的叶片数为1.0~2.5片;第3类,平均每果所占的叶片数为3.0~5.0片。不同类别处理这些指标均值的大小顺序均为:第3类>第2类>第1类。即当叶果比为(3.0~5.0)∶1.0时,3叶1果、4叶1果、5叶1果这3个处理的果实横径增幅均值、单果质量均值、单果鲜籽质量均值、鲜果出籽率均值、单果鲜仁质量均值、鲜果出仁率均值、种仁含油率均值、种仁中不饱和脂肪酸总量均值、饱和脂肪酸总量均值、油酸总量均值、亚麻酸总量均值、棕榈酸总量均值极显著或显著大于其他处理相同指标的测定值。【结论】岑溪软枝油茶半同胞家系果实生长和大部分品质指标均明显地受到了叶果比的影响,每果所占叶片数为3.0~5.0片就可满足果实生长发育之所需。

【Objective】The size of plant leaf area affects its growth and development.Exploring the effect of leaf fruit ratio on fruit growth and quality can provide a theoretical basis for the horticultural cultivation of Camellia oleifera orchard.【Method】The 12-year-old Cenxi soft-branch C.oleifera half-sib family was used as the test material.Through artificially controlling the leaf-fruit ratio according to the average number of leaves per fruit,11 treatments were set including 2 fruits 0 leaf,1 fruit 0 leaf,2 fruits 1 leaf,1 fruit 1 leaf,2 fruits 3 leaves,1 fruit 2 leaves,2 fruits 4 leaves,2 fruits 5 leaves,1 fruit 3 leaves,1 fruit 4 leaves and 1 fruit 5 leaves by using a completely randomized block design.There were 30 branches each treatment with 3 replicates,and a total of 990 branches were tested.The average increment of fruit transverse diameter,average increment of fruit longitudinal diameter,average value of single fruit mass,average value of fresh seed rate,average value fresh seed mass of single fruit,average value of fresh kernel rate,average value fresh kernel mass of single fruit,average value of seed kernel oil content and average value of total unsaturated fatty acids content,average value of total saturated fatty acids content,average value of total oleic acid content,average value of total linoleic acid content,average value of total linolenic acid content,average value of total stearic acid content,average value of total palmitic acid content,average value of total squalene content,average value of total vitamin E content in seed kernel were analyzed.【Result】1)With the increase of leaf-fruit ratio,average increment of fruit transverse diameter,average increment of fruit longitudinal diameter,average value of single fruit mass,average value of fresh seed mass of single fruit,average value of fresh seed rate,average value of fresh kernel mass of single fruit,average value of fresh kernel rate,average value of seed kernel oil content and average value of total unsaturated fatty acids content,average value of total saturated fatty acids content,average value of total oleic acid content,average value of total linolenic acid content and average value of total palmitic acid content in seed kernel all showed an increasing trend,which were the same or similar variability with or without significant difference.2)The average value of total linoleic acid content,average value of total stearic acid content,average value of total squalene content,average value of total vitamin E content in seed kernel were different with the increase of leaf-fruit ratio with no obviously variable regularity.3)With the increase of leaf-fruit ratio,average increment of fruit transverse diameter,average value of single fruit mass,average value of fresh seed mass of single fruit,average value of fresh seed rate,average value of fresh kernel mass of single fruit,average value of fresh kernel rate,average value of seed kernel oil content and average value of total unsaturated fatty acids content,average value of total saturated fatty acids content,average value of total oleic acid content,average value of total linolenic acid content and average value of total palmitic acid content in seed kernel showed a regular changing trend.According to the changing trend and difference of these indexes,11 leaf-fruit ratio treatments could be roughly divided into the following three categories:in the first category,the average number of leaves per fruit was less than 0.5;in the second category,the average number of leaves per fruit was 1.0-2.5;in the third category,the average number of leaves per fruit was 3.0-5.0.The order of magnitude of the average value of these indicators in different categories was:category 3>category 2>category 1.When the leaf-fruit ratio was(3.0-5.0):1.0,the average increment of fruit transverse diameter,average value of single fruit mass,average value of fresh seed mass of single fruit,average value of fresh seed rate,average value of fresh kernel mass of single fruit,average value of fresh kernel rate,average value of seed kernel oil content and average value of total unsaturated fatty acids content,average value of total saturated fatty acids content,average value of total oleic acid content,average value of total linolenic acid content and average value of total palmitic acid content in seed kernel in 3 treatments including 1 fruit 3 leaves,1 fruit 4 leaves and 1 fruit 5 leaves,was extremely significant or significantly larger than the measured values of the same indexes in other treatments.【Conclusion】The fruit growth and most quality indexes of half-sib families of Cenxi soft-branch C.oleifera are obviously affected by the leaf-fruit ratio.The number of leaves per fruit being as 3.0-5.0 can meet the needs of fruit growth and development.