广东引种‘岑软2号’和‘岑软3号’油茶良种区域试验与评价

Regional experiment and evaluation of‘Cenruan 2’and‘Cenruan 3’,the elite cultivars of Camellia oleifera introduced by Guangdong

【目的】筛选出‘岑软2号’和‘岑软3号’良种油茶在广东省的适生地,制订科学合理的用种方法,避免油茶良种在生产应用推广中的盲目性和被动性,为广东省油茶品种区划提供科学依据和技术指导。【方法】以广西林科院选育的‘岑软2号’和‘岑软3号’油茶良种为研究对象,在全省油茶主产区,按照统一试验要求开展区域试验,通过稳定投产期内3年的连续观测,测定分析生物学、生态学、经济学和抗性性状特征,综合评价其区域适生性。【结果】各试验区内‘岑软2号’和‘岑软3号’油茶的物候期与原产地广西南宁基本一致;在果实经济性状方面,两参试品种在试验区内、试验区与试验区之间以及试验区与原产地之间差异不显著,均表现出较好的适生性和稳定性;在生长及经济性状指标方面,两参试品种间及区试点间虽无显著差异,但通过连续3年的观测发现,‘岑软2号’在粤西、粤北和粤东北的平均每公顷产油量分别为773.14、810.95和793.89 kg/hm^(2),‘岑软3号’在粤西、粤北和粤东北的平均每公顷产油量分别为和818.4、786.09和812.23 kg/hm^(2);综合而言,在粤西和粤东北两试验区‘岑软3号’的产量性状略优于‘岑软2号’,粤北试验区则相反。【结论】在3个区试点,‘岑软2号’和‘岑软3号’良种油茶的物候期、产量、果实等性状与引种地基本一致,经济性状良好且稳定,适宜在广东引种栽植。

【Objective】In order to avoid elite cultivars of Camellia oleifera being chosen blindly,passively in production,application and promotion,adaptive region in Guangdong province and reasonable scientific selection method of C.oleifera‘Cenruan 2’and‘Cenruan 3’were screened out to provide scientific evidence and technical guidance for cultivation regionalization of C.oleifera in Guangdong province.【Method】C.oleifera‘Cenruan 2’and‘Cenruan 3’,elite cultivars bred by Guangxi Academy of Forestry Sciences,were research objects for regional test under the unified requirements in main production area in Guangdong,and evaluated their regional suitability by analyzing their biological,ecological,economic and resistance characteristics through continuous observation for 3 years during stable production period.【Result】The phenological period of C.oleifera‘Cenruan 2’and‘Cenruan 3’in all experimental regions were consistent with those in original regions of Nanning,Guangxi.In respect of economic characters of fruit,the difference of 2 tested cultivars were not remarkable in the test area,between test areas or between test area and origin,and they all showed good adaptability and stability.In respect of growth and economical index,there were no specific difference existed in 2 tested cultivars or between test areas,however,the oil yield per hectare of‘Cenruan 2’in western Guangdong,north Guangdong and northeast Guangdong was 773.14,810.95 and 793.89 kg/hm^(2).‘Cenruan 3’in western Guangdong,North Guangdong and northeast Guangdong was 818.4,786.09 and 812.23 kg/hm^(2).Overall,the yield and characters of‘Cenruan 3’were better than‘Cenruan 2’in 2 test regions located in western Guangdong and northeast Guangdong,but the reverse applied in test area of north Guangdong.【Conclusion】In 3 regional pilots,the phenological period,yield,fruit and other characters of‘Cenruan 2’and‘Cenruan 3’are consistent with those in origin,whose economic performance is good and stable as well,which are suitable to introduce and plant in Guangdong province.