黑龙江野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性

Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits of wild Actinidia arguta germplasm resources in Heilongjiang

【目的】为野生软枣猕猴桃资源评价、优良种质挖掘和品种选育提供参考。【方法】以98个野生软枣猕猴桃资源为研究对象,对其13种质量性状和16种数量性状进行观测和描述,采用变异分析、相关性分析和聚类分析方法,并结合多样性指数,对其表型性状进行分析和评价。【结果】黑龙江野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源在叶片、果实、枝条等方面变异类型多且变异幅度大,特别是在果实形状、果喙形状、果肉颜色、果心颜色和果心横切面形状等方面。多样性指数为0.465~1.686,以果实形状、果肉颜色、果喙形状、叶片形状的多样性指数较高。16种数量性状的整体变异范围较大,变异系数为10.43%~36.34%,其中果实性状的变异系数均较大,单果质量、维生素C质量分数的变异系数高达30%以上。各数量性状间大部分存在显著或极显著相关性,特别是果实数量性状间的相关性。根据16种数量性状进行聚类分析,可将98个资源分为6类,第1类、第2类和第4类资源可用于选育不同果形、高果实品质和高果实维生素C含量的品种,第3类和第5类资源可用于选育大果及高果实品质的品种,第6类资源可用于选育红心果肉品种。【结论】黑龙江野生软枣猕猴桃种质资源的枝条、叶片和果实表型性状变异类型丰富、变异程度高且幅度大,遗传多样性丰富,育种选择潜力大。

【Objective】This study aims to provide basis for resource evaluation, excavation of fine germplasm resources and variety breeding of Actinidia arguta.【Method】Taking 98 wild A. arguta resources as the research object, 13quality characters and 16 quantitative characters were observed and described. The phenotypic characters were analyzed and evaluated by variation analysis, diversity index, correlation analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The results showed that the wild germplasm resources had many types of variation in leaves, fruits and branches, especially in fruit shape, beak shape, flesh color, core color and cross section shape. The Shannon Weaver diversity index(H’) ranged from 0.465 to 1.686, and the diversity index of fruit shape, pulp color, fruit beak shape and leaf shape were high. The overall variation range of 16 quantitative characters was large, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 10.43% to 36.34%.The coefficient of variation of fruit characters was large, and the coefficient of variation of single fruit mass and vitamin C mass fraction was more than 30%. Correlation analysis showed that most of the quantitative characters had significant or extremely significant correlation, especially among the quantitative characters of fruit. According to the cluster analysis of 16 quantitative characters, 98 resources can be divided into 6 groups. The first, second and fourth groups of resources could be used to breed varieties with different fruit shape, high fruit quality and high vitamin C mass fraction;the third and fifth resources can be used to breed large fruit and high fruit quality varieties;the sixth kind of resources can be used to breed red heart varieties.【Conclusion】The phenotypic variation types of branches, leaves and fruits of wild A. arguta germplasm resources in Heilongjiang are rich, the degree of variation is high and the range is large, the genetic diversity is rich, and the breeding selection potential is large.