不同外源物质对百香果生长及矿质养分含量的影响

Effect of different exogenous substances on growth and mineral nutrient content of Passiflora coerulea

【目的】筛选促进百香果生长并利于其果实矿质养分积累的外源物质。【方法】以‘台农1号’百香果嫁接苗为试验材料,通过大田试验法,采用完全随机区组试验设计,设置喷施多效唑(PP_(333))600倍液、0.3%的磷酸二氢钾(KH_(2)PO_(4))溶液、40 mg/L的赤霉素(GA)溶液和清水(对照)4个处理,每10 d喷1次,共3次,观测百香果植株的节数量和节间长度,对主蔓长、茎粗、开花数量和挂果数量进行动态监测,在盛果期分析果实品质并测定叶片和果实的矿质养分含量,探究不同外源物质对百香果植株生长发育、果实品质和矿质养分含量的影响。【结果】喷施PP_(333)可显著抑制百香果的营养生长和生殖生长(P<0.05),主蔓长和节间长度分别缩短了38.55%和44.05%,整个观测时期的花量和果量均有所减少,单株总产量下降53.65%。喷施KH2PO4和GA可以促进主蔓生长,使花、果量分别增加了19.26%和23.71%。此外,喷施KH2PO4可显著提升百香果的果实品质(P<0.05),果汁中可溶性固形物含量提高了0.73%,可滴定酸含量比对照低0.17%。喷施不同的外源物质均能影响百香果对矿质养分的吸收,对大量元素吸收的影响尤为明显。喷施PP_(333)、KH_(2)PO_(4)和GA后,果实和叶片中N含量均显著升高(P<0.05);喷施PP333后,百香果叶片P含量显著升高,叶片K、Zn含量以及果实K、Zn、Ca含量均显著降低(P<0.05);喷施KH2PO4后,叶片P、K、Mg含量以及果实K含量均显著升高(P<0.05);喷施GA后,叶片Ca含量、果实P含量显著降低(P<0.05);各处理中,叶片和果实中微量元素Fe和Cu的含量均无显著变化。【结论】喷施0.3%的KH_(2)PO_(4)溶液可有效促进和平衡百香果对养分的吸收,促进植株生长,提高产量,改善果实品质,在生产实践中推荐使用。

【Objective】This study set out to screen out the optimum treatment for growth and nutrient accumulation of passion fruit by spraying different exogenous substances.【Method】The grafted seedling of‘Tainong 1’passion fruit was used as the experimental material with the completely randomized zone group design method in the field.4 treatments including paclobutrazol 600×solution,0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate,40 mg/L gibberellin solution,and tap water(as the control)were sprayed once every 10 days for a total of 3 times.The internode number and length of passion fruit were observed.And the main vine length,stem diameter,flowering and fruit number were dynamically monitored.Meanwhile,the fruit quality and mineral nutrient contents of leaves and fruits were measured in the full bearing period in order to explore the effects of different exogenous substances on plant growth and development,fruit quality and mineral nutrient content of passion fruit.【Result】Spraying paclobutrazol significantly inhibited the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of passion fruit(P<0.05).The main vine length and internode length were shortened by 38.55% and 44.05%,respectively.Flower and fruit quantity decreased during the whole period,and the total yield decreased 53.65%.Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gibberellin promoted the growth of the main vine,increased the amount of flowers and fruits.Both of two treatments increased the yield by 19.26% and 23.71%,respectively.In addition,spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate significantly improved the quality of passion fruit(P<0.05),the soluble solids increased 0.73%,and the total acid was 0.17%lower than that of the control.Spraying different exogenous substances affected the mineral nutrient absorption of passion fruit,especially on macroelements,the content of N in fruits and leaves increased significantly(P<0.05).Under the treatment of spraying paclobutrazol,the content of P in leaves increased significantly,the contents of K,Zn in leaves and K,Zn,Ca in fruits decreased significantly(P<0.05).Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased the contents of P,K,Mg in leaves and K in fruits significantly(P<0.05).Spraying gibberellin increased the contents of Ca in leaves significantly,and decreased the content of P in fruits significantly(P<0.05).However,three exogenous substances had little effect on trace elements of Fe and Cu in leaves and fruits.【Conclusion】0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is recommended in production,which can effectively promote and balance nutrient absorption,promote plant growth,increase yield and improve quality.