新疆野苹果种群受损现状

Analysis on population damage of Malus sieversii

【目的】为新疆野苹果种群的资源保护和开发利用提供参考。【方法】以新疆野果林不同自然分布区的野苹果为调查对象,在不同海拔、不同坡向、不同坡度设置20个样方,进行野苹果种群受损情况的实地调查。【结果】样地中未受损野苹果树为376棵,占总数的34.03%,其中有357棵为野苹果树苗,占未受损野苹果总数的94.68%。受损新疆野苹果的平均胸径为23.60 cm,未受损植株的平均胸径仅为1.24 cm。不同海拔梯度的样方中,海拔1100~1199 m样方的植株受损最轻,海拔1300~1399 m样方的植株受损最严重;不同坡向的样方中,西南坡的野苹果植株受损最轻,平地的野苹果植株受损最严重;不同坡度的样方中,缓坡的野苹果植株受损最轻,河漫滩的野苹果植株受损最严重。地形因子中,海拔对新疆野苹果受损的影响最大,坡向对新疆野苹果受损的影响最小。林木伤害指数越大、未受损植株比例越低、Shannon-Wiener指数越低、均匀度指数越小、Simpson指数越高,新疆野苹果居群受损越严重。托里居群的野苹果群落受损最严重,霍城居群的野苹果群落受损最轻。【结论】目前,新疆野苹果种群有高达66.00%的野苹果植株受到不同程度的损害,各径级新疆野苹果植株中胸径小于5 cm的植株受损最轻。海拔对新疆野苹果受损的影响最大,林木伤害指数是衡量新疆野苹果群落受损情况的重要指标。

【Objective】The results provided reference for the resource protection and exploitation utilization of Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)M.Rrom.populations in Xinjiang.【Method】Taking M.sieversii in different natural distribution areas of Xinjiang wild fruit forest as investigation objects,20 sample plots with different altitudes,different slope directions and different slopes were set up to investigate the damage status of M.sieversii populations.【Result】The results showed that there were 376 healthy M.sieversii,accounting for 34.03%of the total.Among them,only 357 seedlings were M.sieversii,accounting for 94.68%of the total healthy M.sieversii trees.The average DBH of the damaged M.sieversii was 23.60 centimeter,while that of the healthy plants was only 1.24 centimeter.Among the samples with different altitudes,the damage of plants in the 1100-1199 m altitude plots was the lightest,and the damage of plants in the 1300-1399 m altitude plots was the most serious;considering to different slope directions,the M.sieversii on the southwest slope were the least damaged,and the M.sieversii on the flat ground were the most seriously damaged;in the quadrats with different slopes,the damage of M.sieversii on the gentle slope was the lightest,and the damage of M.sieversii on the flood plain was the most serious.Altitude had the greatest influence on the damage of M.sieversii,and slope aspect had the least influence.The greater the tree damage index,the lower percentage of undamaged plants,the lower Shannon-Wiener diversity index,the smaller the evenness index,and the higher Shannon-Wiener index of M.sieversii in different populations in Xinjiang,the more serious the damage.The M.sieversii community of the Tori population was most severely damaged while the M.sieversii community of the Huocheng population was least damaged.【Conclusion】Nowadays,up to 66.00%of M.sieversii individuals in Xinjiang are damaged in varied degrees.Among the individuals of each diameter class,the individuals with DBH<5 cm were the least damaged.It was found that altitude had the greatest impact on the damage of M.sieversii,and the forest damage index was an important index to measure the damage status of M.sieversii community.