新疆早中熟棉新品种数量性状的相关性及通径分析

Correlation and Path Analysis of Quantitative Traits of Early-Middle Maturing Cotton New Varieties in Xinjiang

[目的]研究早中熟棉在新疆生态条件下的形态性状、产量性状和品质性状间的相互关系,为旱区棉花高产优质育种和品种改良提供依据。[方法]以2016—2017年新疆维吾尔自治区早中熟D组陆地棉区试的20个新品种(系)为试验材料,对其植株形态、产量和品质15个主要性状进行变异性、相关性、回归和通径分析。[结果]形态和产量性状以果枝始节、果枝数、单株铃数和皮棉产量的变异系数较大,依次为19.43%、6.08%、5.87%、5.74%;品质性状以伸长率、纺纱指数和麦克隆值的变异系数较大,依次为10.72%、6.81%、5.61%。15个数量性状中相关系数达极显著水平的有衣分与皮棉产量、绒长与纺纱指数等12对性状,达显著水平的有单株铃数与皮棉产量、绒长与比强度等7对性状;产量性状中以单株铃数、衣分对皮棉产量的影响较大,单铃重次之;纤维品质性状中比强度、整齐度、绒长和麦克隆值是影响纤维品质最重要的因素,分别通过其他性状对纤维品质的间接作用也较强。[结论]在棉花高产优质育种实践中,须充分关注性状间的依存与制约关系,形态性状、产量因素性状及品质性状的协调发展是实现棉花高产优质目标的有效途径。

[Objective]The relationship among morphological traits,yield traits and quality traits of early-middle maturing cotton under ecological conditions in Xinjiang was studied to provide a basis for high yield and quality breeding and variety improvement of cotton in dry areas.[Method]Twenty new varieties of upland cotton from Group D of early-middle maturing in Xinjiang autonomous region in 2016-2017 were used as test materials.The variability,correlation,regression and path analytical methods were exploited to analyze the 15 main traits of plant morphology,yield and quality.[Result]Among the morphological and yield traits,the coefficients of variation of the node of the first fruiting branch,fruit branches,bolls per plant,and the lint yield were larger,in the order of 19.43%,6.08%,5.87%,5.74%.Quality traits including fiber elongation,spinning consistency index,and micronaire had larger variation coefficients,which were 10.72%,6.81%,and 5.61%,respectively.Among the 15 quantitative traits,12 of these correlation coefficients were extremely significantly correlation,such as lint percentage and lint yield,fiber length and spinning consistency index,etc,and 7 of these coefficients is significantly correlation,such as bolls per plant and lint yield,fiber length and fiber strength;bolls per plant and lint percentage had greater effects on lint yield,followed by single boll weight.The fiber strength,fiber uniformity,fiber length and micronaire were the most important factors affecting fiber quality,the indirect effects on fiber quality produced by other fiber quality traits were also stronger.[Conclusion]In the practice of high-yield and high-quality cotton breeding,we must pay full attention to the interdependence and constraints between traits.The coordinated development of morphological,yield and quality traits is an effective way to achieve the goal of high-yield and high-quality cotton.