河南新县北缘油茶林土壤理化特性研究

Study on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Camellia oleifera Plantation in the Northern Margin of Xin County,Henan Province

[目的]了解我国油茶栽培北缘地区河南新县油茶林土壤理化特性,为油茶林地管理提供理论依据。[方法]采用环刀法、比重计法、吸管法、土壤养分状况系统研究法(ASI)等测定了土壤基本理化性质。[结果]新县油茶林土壤容重在1.02~1.75 g/cm^(3),土壤含水率、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率变化幅度大,土壤颗粒含量比例为6.0∶2.5∶1.5,土壤质地为砂质壤土。油茶林地有效N、有效P、有效Mg含量表现缺乏,有效Fe、有效Mn含量表现丰富,且有效P、有效Mg变异系数分别为172.61%、126.12%,表现为强变异。相关性表明,油茶林地土壤理化性质之间存在显著、极显著的正负相关性。[结论]新县油茶林应有针对性地进行林地管理,及时补充N、P、Mg肥,控制或减少Fe、Mn肥的施加,同时P、Mg肥的施加应注重空间位置性,合理利用土壤理化性质之间的相关性。

[Objective]In order to understand the soil physical and chemical properties of Camellia oleifera forest in Xin County,Henan Province in the northern margin of the cultivation of Camellia oleifera in China,and to provide a theoretical basis for the management of Camellia oleifera forest land.[Method]The basic physical and chemical properties of soil were determined by the ring knife method,hydrometer method,straw method,and soil nutrient status system research method(ASI).[Result]The soil bulk density of Camellia oleifera forest in Xin County varied from 1.02 g/cm^(3)to 1.75 g/cm^(3),and the soil moisture content,capillary,non-capillary porosity,initial permeability,stable infiltration rate,and average infiltration rate varied greatly.The particle content ratio was approximately 6.0∶2.5∶1.5,and the soil texture was sandy loam.The content of N,P,and Mg in Camellia oleifera woodland was lacking,and the content of Fe and Mn was rich.The effective P and effective Mg coefficients of variation were 172.61%and 126.12%,respectively,showing strong variation.According to the correlation,there were significant and extremely significant positive and negative correlations between the soil physical and chemical properties of Camellia oleifera forest.[Conclusion]Xin County Camellia oleifera forest should be managed in a targeted manner,supply N,P,Mg fertilizers in time,control or reduce the application of Fe and Mn fertilizers,and the application of P and Mg fertilizers should pay attention to the spatial location and rationally use the correlation between the physical and chemical properties of the soil.