WTO争端解决视角下的美国清洁网络计划

The US Clean Network Initiative from the Perspective of WTO Dispute Settlement

美国的清洁网络计划具备可诉性,可作为一项复合的整体被诉,属于GATS所调整的影响服务贸易的措施。清洁网络计划歧视中国电信和互联网行业企业,给予了中国“同类服务和服务供应商”最不利的待遇,违反了GATS第2条规定的最惠国待遇义务,也违反了美国在电信领域的大多数服务、计算机及相关服务、广告服务、视听服务、娱乐服务等部门,在跨境交付、境外消费和商业存在这三种服务提供方式中作出的市场准入和国民待遇承诺,不符合GATS第16条和第17条。在DSB申诉的同时,中国宜秉持开放共享原则推动构建无歧视的数字安全全球规则,同时反美国之道行之,切实履行WTO义务和入世承诺。中国企业则应提高合规意识和能力,若遭受损失可尝试通过美国国内救济途径维权。

The US Clean Network Initiative is a measure that can be subject to WTO dispute settlement,which can be challenged as a comprehensive single measure.Since the Clean Network Initiative affects trade in services,GATS could be applied.Discriminating against Chinese telecommunications and Internet companies,and giving Chinese companies"similar services and service providers"the most unfavorable treatment,the Clean Network Initiative violates the most-favored-nation treatment obligations stipulated in Article 2 of the GATS.Besides,it violates most of the commitments to market access and national treatment services provided by the United States in the field of telecommunications,computer and related services,advertising services,audio-visual services,entertainment services and others,in the modes of cross border supply,consumption abroad and commercial presence,which does not comply with GATS Article 16 and Article 17.Apart from resorting to DSB,China should promote the construction of non-discriminatory global rules for digital security,upholding the principle of opening and sharing,and earnestly fulfill its WTO obligations and commitments,different from the way of the United States.Chinese companies should improve their compliance awareness and capabilities,and those injured may take advantage of domestic remedies in the United States to protect their rights.