大小戴《礼记》篇题及其文体学意义——以出土简帛为起点的考察

The Article Title of the Book of Rites and Its Stylistic Significance——An Investigation Starting from the Unearthed Bamboo Slips and Silk

大小戴《礼记》篇题的命名方式,大体有依据篇章主要内容、提炼篇章部分内容、摘取篇首若干文字、揭示篇章与其他典籍关系、袭用相关标题等。由出土简帛的早期形态能够发现,礼学文献在秦火前单篇别行时大多无篇题,仅有的个别篇题主要摘取篇首若干文字命名。其中“摘取篇首提示语”是为教学需要;“摘取抄纂众篇(章)而成的首篇(章)首句”则缘于抄本的收卷方式。汉代流传的礼学文献多据篇章与其他典籍关系命名,这与区分“经”“传”的解经观念密切相关。在关涉文体的篇题中,以“问”“义”称名的辨体意识较强,前者标志着古人对“问对体”最早的自觉体认,后者为“义疏体”的雏形确立了类名。

The naming method of the article title of the Book of Rites is generally based on summarizing the main content,refining part of the content,extracting some words at the beginning,revealing the relationship between the chapter and other classics,borrowing relevant titles and so on.From the early forms of unearthed bamboo slips and silk,we can found that most of the ritual literature had no title when it spread alone before the Qin Dynasty.Only a few articles take the words at the beginning of the article as the title.“Picking the first hint”is for the needs of teaching,“extract the first sentence of the first article from many articles”is due to the way of rolling up a manuscript.The ritual literature spread in the Han Dynasty was mostly named according to the relationship between chapters and other classics,this is closely related to the concept of interpreting classics.Among the article titles related to stylistics,the title contains“Wen”(问)or“Yi”(义),which has strong style discrimination.The former marks the earliest consciousness of the ancients on“Question and answer style”(问对体),the latter established the class name for the prototype of“Interpretive style”(义疏体).