新中国成立初期“旗县并存、蒙汉分治”问题的解决

The Solution to the Problem of “the Coexistence of Banners and Counties, and the Separate Administration of the Mongolians and the Han” in the Early Days of the People’s Republic of China

清中叶以后,内蒙古逐渐形成“旗县并存、蒙汉分治”的局面,并演变成一个十分严重的问题。这一问题的产生,缘于清朝、民国时期中央政府对内蒙古施行的二元管理体制。新中国成立初期,内蒙古及绥远地方党政部门采取慎重稳进的态度,待各方面条件成熟时,分步骤、分地域予以解决。在此过程中,中共在制度设计、建制设立和人事安排上,尽量平衡各方利益,做到“尊重历史、照顾现实”。调整过后,旗、县在区域上不再重叠,各自有明确辖区;旗、县辖区内,蒙汉统归一个政府管理。“旗县并存、蒙汉分治”最终过渡到党委领导下的“旗县分立、蒙汉合治”。

After the middle of the Qing dynasty,the gradual formation of the situation of“the coexistence of banners and counties,and the separate administration of the Mongolians and the Han”became a very serious problem in Inner Mongolia.This problem originated from the dual management system implemented in Inner Mongolia by the central governments during the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.In the early days of the People’s Republic of China,when conditions were mature the local party and government in Inner Mongolia and Suiyuan adopted a prudent and steady attitude to solving this problem step by step and region by region.In the process,the CPC tried to balance the interests of all parties in its institutional design,building and personnel arrangement so that“history was respected and reality was taken into account.”After this adjustment,there was no overlap between banners and counties in the region and they each had their own clear jurisdictions.In the banner and county jurisdictions,the Mongolians and the Han were administered by a unified government.“The coexistence of banners and counties,and the separate administration of the Mongolians and the Han”eventually evolved into“the separation of banners and counties,and the unified administration of the Mongolians and the Han”under the leadership of the Party Committee.