摘要
为探明拔节期涝渍灾害对淮北平原夏玉米产量形成机制的影响,以登海605为试验材料,以正常水分处理为对照(CK),在夏玉米拔节期设置淹水和渍水2个水分胁迫处理,于2018年和2020年在安徽农业大学皖北试验站进行了大田试验,分析了水分冗余胁迫对夏玉米生育进程、光合性能、干物质积累、抗倒特性、雌雄间隔期、叶粒比和产量的影响。结果表明:1)与CK相比,淹水处理和渍水处理均显著增加了拔节期-吐丝期的天数和雌雄间隔期,且淹水处理显著大于渍水处理。2)淹水处理在大喇叭口期至蜡熟期的单株叶面积、叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著低于CK;渍水处理的单株叶面积显著低于CK,但其叶绿素含量和净光合速率仅大喇叭口期显著低于CK。3)淹水与渍水处理在大喇叭口期至完熟期夏玉米的叶片、茎、穗及整株的干物质积累量显著低于CK;整株干质量是影响产量的最关键生理指标,淹水处理整株干物质质量降幅为53.99%,渍水处理为23.65%。4)淹水处理的茎粗、茎秆穿刺强度均显著低于CK,倒伏率显著高于CK,增幅为78.53%。5)淹水与渍水处理的空秆率显著高于CK;穗粒数是影响产量的最关键产量构成因素,淹水与渍水处理的穗粒数和产量均显著低于CK,穗粒数降幅分别为44.48%和30.61%,产量降幅分别为57.26%和34.68%。与CK相比,渍水处理千粒质量和叶粒比显著增加,淹水处理则显著降低。研究结果可以为涝渍灾害易发生地区夏玉米安全生产调控技术的实施提供理论依据和技术支持。
This study aims to explore the effect of flooding and waterlogging at the jointing stage of summer maize on the formation mechanism of yield in the Huaibei plain.Taking Denghai 605 as the test material,two treatments of water stress(including flooding and waterlogging)were carried out in a field experiment in the Wanbei experimental station of Anhui Agricultural University in 2018 and 2020.The normal water supply was also used as the control(CK).The parameters were analyzed,such as growth process,photosynthesis traits,dry matter accumulation,lodging resistance traits,male-female interval,ratio of leaf to grain,and yield of summer maize.The results showed as follows.1)The duration from the jointing to silk and anthesis-silking interval were significantly(P<0.05)increased,compared with the CK,and the flooding treatment was significantly(P<0.05)greater than the waterlogging treatment.2)The leaf area per plant,the chlorophyll content,and net photosynthesis rate(Pn)from the big trumpet to dough stage significantly(P<0.05)decreased in the flooding treatment,compared with the CK.The leaf area per plant from big trumpet to dough stage significantly(P<0.05)decreased in the waterlogging treatment,compared with the CK.The chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate only at big trumpet stage significantly(P<0.05)decreased in the waterlogging treatment,compared with the CK.3)The dry matter accumulation of leaf,stem,ear,and whole plant from the big trumpet to maturity were significantly(P<0.05)reduced in the flooding and waterlogging treatment,compared with the CK.The dry weight of the whole plant is the most critical physiological index affecting the yield,and the rates of decrease were 53.99%and 23.65%for the dry matter accumulation of whole plant in the flooding and waterlogging treatment,respectively.4)The stem diameter and puncture strength were significantly(P<0.05)reduced in the flooding treatment compared with the CK.Meanwhile,the lodging rate significantly(P<0.05)increased in the flooding treatment,where the rate of increase was 78.53%compared with the CK.5)The empty rods rate significantly(P<0.05)increased in the flooding and waterlogging treatment compared with the CK.The number of grains per ear is the most critical yield component factor affecting yield,and the grains number per ear and yield of summer maize significantly(P<0.05)decreased in the flooding and waterlogging treatment,compared with the CK,where the rates of decrease for the grain number per ear were 44.48%and 30.61%,respectively,whereas,those for the yield were 57.26%and 34.68%,respectively.The 1000-grain weight and the leaf area and number of grains per leaf were significantly(P<0.05)reduced in the flooding treatment,while,that significantly(P<0.05)increased in the waterlogging treatment,compared with the CK.The findings can provide a theoretical and technical support to the decision-making on the summer maize production in areas prone to the waterlogging disaster.
作者
王成雨
慕丽
李森郁
鲁溢超
陈飞
吕秋实
乔明辉
晏小凤
李欢
朱英华
Wang Chengyu;Mu Li;Li Senyu;Lu Yichao;Chen Fei;Lyu Qiushi;Qiao Minghui;Yan Xiaofeng;Li Huan;Zhu Yinghua(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Wanbei Experimental Station of Anhui Agricultural University,Suzhou 234108,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期87-94,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
安徽省重点研究和开发计划(201904a06020055)。
关键词
玉米
淹水
渍水
生育进程
光合性能
抗倒特性
雌雄间隔
叶粒比
产量
maize
flooding
waterlogging
growth process
photosynthetic traits
lodging resistance traits
male-female interval
leaf to grain ratio
yield