美国《初级体育教师教育标准》演变的解析与启示

Analysis and Enlightenment of the Evolution of“Education Standards for Elementary Physical Education Teachers”in the United States

美国体育教师教育标准的颁布是引领美国体育教师教育专业化发展的动力,是培养高质量职前体育教师的重要保障。研究采用文献资料、比较分析、归纳演绎等方法,以美国2001版、2008版、2017版《初级体育教师教育标准》为研究对象,从标准制定的社会背景、主要内容、演变特征及影响等4个方面进行解析,提出培养我国体育教育专业人才的启示。研究发现,《初级体育教师教育标准》演变的特征表现为愈发重视将教学过程视作有机整体;更加强调信息技术的运用;逐渐细化评价职前体育教师的依据;日益彰显反思性教学策略。受标准变化影响,美国各州体育教育专业越来越关注社会公正教育的推广以及注重综合性学校体力活动计划的开发。启示:重视提高体育教育专业人才信息素养;优化体育教育专业课程设置;建立利益相关者共同参与的人才培养评价机制;提倡反思性教学以推进体育教师专业能力。

The promulgation of the American physical education teacher education standards is the driving force that leads physical education teacher education to professional development,and is an important guarantee for cultivating high-quality pre-service physical education teachers.Using literature review,comparative analysis,induction and deduction and other methods,with the 2001,2008,and 2017 editions of the“Standards for Primary Physical Education Teacher Education”in the United States as the research object,this article analyzes the standards from the four aspects of the social background,main content,evolution characteristics and influence,and put forward the enlightenment for the training of professional talents in physical education in my country.The study found that the characteristics of the evolution of the“Education Standards for Elementary Physical Education Teachers”are manifested in the increasing emphasis on the teaching process as an organic whole;more emphasis on the use of information technology,and the gradual refinement of the basis for evaluating pre-service physical education teachers;In addition,reflective teaching strategies are increasingly demonstrated.Affected by the changes in the standards,physical education majors in various states in the United States pay more and more attention to the promotion of social justice education and the development of comprehensive school physical activity plans.The suggestions are shown as follows:Pay attention to improving the information literacy of physical education professionals;optimize the curriculum of physical education;establish a talent training evaluation mechanism involving stakeholders;promote reflective teaching to improve the professional ability of physical education teachers.