身体视角下的民俗技艺传承--以席狮舞为例

Folk Art Inheritance from the Perspective of Body:Centered on Mat Lion Dance

以席狮舞为个案,从身体视角考察民俗技艺的习得、身体实践与地方社会互动的过程与文化意义。席狮舞传承包括入门、训练、展演等3个阶段:①弟子投师后,经历皈依、小庙日课、香花见习等一系列身心磨砺,并由身体和精神的双重转换而得以入门;②在小庙内部席狮训练中,其身心规训表现为传承人身体之社会性与生理性的互动协商,旨在以技艺娴熟而强化席狮文化认同;③在席狮村落展演中,表演者不仅通过视、听等具身体验展现“刻写”在身体里的孝、义等教化之理,而且也将席狮文化传播于民众并将其转化为地方文化认同,最终指向“俗艺归善”的身体文化理想。民俗技艺传承者的身体既被文化刻写,也是文化认同的载体,还是传递、形塑地方文化的道具。身体视角的研究是未来保护及赓续民俗技艺、丰富本土身体研究话语体系的重要方向。

Taking mat lion dance as an example,this paper examines the acquisition of folk skills,the process and cultural significance of the interaction between body practice and local society from the perspective of body.The inheritance of mat lion dance includes three stages:introduction,training and performance:①After joining the school,the disciples experienced a series of physical and mental hardships,such as conversion,small temple day class and Xianghua internship,and were introduced by the dual transformation of body and spirit;②In the training of the mat lion in the small temple,its physical and mental discipline is manifested in the interactive negotiation of inheriting the sociality and physiology of people’s body,which aims to strengthen the cultural identity of the mat lion with skilled skills;③In the performance of mat lion dance in village,the performers not only show the filial piety,righteousness and other educational principles of“carving”in the body through visual and listening experience,but also spread to the people and transformed into local cultural identity,and finally point to the body cultural ideal of“folk art for the good”.The body of the inheritor of folk arts is not only engraved by culture,but also serves as the carrier of cultural identity and the props for transmitting and shaping local culture.The research from the perspective of body is an important direction to protect and continue folk skills and enrich the discourse system of local body research in the future.