翻译教师研究中访谈新手的问题及其对策——以访谈提纲设计为例

Solving Novice Interviewers’ Problems in his Research on Translation Teacher: How to Design a Guided Interview

访谈是研究翻译教师的重要方法,但有效运用并不容易。不同于前人主要从“知识输入”的角度来帮助访谈新手,转而以“人”为焦点,依托真实的翻译教师访谈研究项目,首先分析了16位访谈新手所设计的访谈提纲,然后对这些新手进行访谈,发现访谈新手的困境是与研究问题、访谈对象、提问技术的分离。再基于建构主义教学理论,提出“知-行-思”融合的解决对策,引导访谈新手在行动和反思中将访谈知识和有关翻译教师研究的知识内化为访谈能力,促使他们弥合分离,从而成长为合格的以访谈为工具的翻译教师研究者。

Interviews are an important method to study translation teachers, but are not easy to put into practice skillfully. Based on an analysis of 16 novice interviewers’ questions, this study finds that they have difficulties dealing with research questions, interviewees and interviewing skills. The study therefore proposes a three-dimensional solution based on “ knowing, acting and reflecting” of the constructivist approach. This approach stresses change in the “interviewer”. The novice interviewers design interview questions based on a thorough analysis of their research question(s) before attempting to establish a relationship with the interviewee, and practising their questioning skills in order to develop better interviewing research techniques.