摘要
Ultra-high temperature ceramics(UHTCs)are generally referred to the carbides,nitrides,and borides of the transition metals,with the Group IVB compounds(Zr&Hf)and TaC as the main focus.The UHTCs are endowed with ultra-high melting points,excellent mechanical properties,and ablation resistance at elevated temperatures.These unique combinations of properties make them promising materials for extremely environmental structural applications in rocket and hypersonic vehicles,particularly nozzles,leading edges,and engine components,etc.In addition to bulk UHTCs,UHTC coatings and fiber reinforced UHTC composites are extensively developed and applied to avoid the intrinsic brittleness and poor thermal shock resistance of bulk ceramics.Recently,high-entropy UHTCs are developed rapidly and attract a lot of attention as an emerging direction for ultra-high temperature materials.This review presents the state of the art of processing approaches,microstructure design and properties of UHTCs from bulk materials to composites and coatings,as well as the future directions.
基金
support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52032001,52022072,52032003,51972243,92060202,51872239,51872059,51772061,52061135102,52002321,50632070,51272266,and 52102093)
bilateral project of NSFC-JSPS(51111140017 and 51611140121)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690817)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2020KY05125)
Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDY-SSW-JSC031)
the projects supported by fee State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,Wuhan University of Technology(2021-KF-5)
fee State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University(KF2116)are greatly acknowledged.
