花生捡拾收获机秧蔓输送装置设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Conveying Device for Seedlings of Peanut Harvester

针对花生捡拾收获机作业中因缺少高效顺畅残秧输送收集装置造成花生秧浪费的生产实际问题,设计一种秧蔓气力输送装置。阐述秧蔓气力输送装置的工作原理,确定秧蔓气力输送装置方程及关键参数间的关系,分析输送气流及关键结构对残秧速度的影响。通过Box-Behnken试验设计和DEM-CFD气固耦合仿真,分析左风机转速、主输送管高度、右风机转速对残秧输送效率的影响,仿真试验结果表明:输送效率影响顺序由大到小为左风机转速、右风机转速、主输送管高度。田间试验结果表明,当最优参数为左风机转速1550 r/min、右风机转速1200 r/min、主输送管高度2.08 m,秧蔓气力输送装置主输送管内可有效实现残秧与气流的均匀混合和高效输送,对应的青花6号和驻花2号平均输送效率分别为1533.56、1451.52 kg/h,比优化前分别提高9.57%、8.61%。

Peanut is rich in nutrition,which is a high-quality feed resource and plays an important role in increasing the economic added value of peanut industry.The annual output of peanut seedlings in China is huge.However,there are some problems in the operation of peanut pickers in the main peanut producing areas in China,such as low efficiency and poor reliability in transporting and collecting residual seedlings,which leads to a large number of residual seedlings being left in the fields,which not only wastes resources,but also increases the post-treatment cost.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the quality and effect of transporting residual seedlings of the pickup harvester for increasing the added value of peanut production.Aiming at the practical problem of peanut seedling waste caused by the lack of efficient and smooth residual seedling conveying and collecting device in peanut picker operation,in order to improve residual seedling conveying efficiency and reduce residual seedling waste,a residual seedling pneumatic conveying device was designed.The working principle of pneumatic conveying device for residual seedlings was expounded,the relationship between equations and key parameters of pneumatic conveying device for residual seedlings was determined,and the influence of conveying airflow and key structure on the speed of residual seedlings was analyzed.Through Box-Behnken experimental design and DEM-CFD gas-solid coupling simulation,the effects of left fan speed,main conveying pipe height and right fan speed on the conveying efficiency of residual seedlings were analyzed.The results showed that the order of influence of conveying efficiency was left fan speed,right fan speed and main conveying pipe height,and the optimal combination was as follows:left fan speed of 1550 r/min,right fan speed of 1200 r/min and main conveying pipe height of 2.08 m.Under the optimal parameter combination,in the main conveying pipe of the pneumatic conveying device for residual seedlings,even mixing and efficient conveying of residual seedlings and airflow can be effectively realized,and the corresponding average conveying efficiencies of Qinghua No.6 and Zhuhua No.2 were 1533.56 kg/h and 1451.52 kg/h,respectively,which were 9.57%and 8.61%higher than those before optimization.