数字化对制造业全球价值链竞争力的影响——来自中国制造业行业的经验证据

Research on the Impact of Digitization on the Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry in Global Value Chain:Empirical Evidence from China's Manufacturing Industry

数字化是新时期提升制造业GVC竞争力的有效路径。系统梳理数字化影响制造业GVC竞争力的理论机制,并利用2000—2014年中国制造业面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明,制造业数字化通过成本效应、配置效应和协同效应促进GVC竞争力提升;样本考察期内,中国制造业GVC竞争力整体呈不断上升趋势,且基本稳定在前10行列,并以中低知识密集度行业竞争力最强;数字化整体上有利于GVC竞争力提升,分行业看,数字化对中低和中高知识密集度行业的GVC竞争力有显著促进作用;分投入来源看,国际数字化投入比国内数字化投入的促进效果更显著;分投入类型看,软件和信息技术服务业的促进效果最突出。结论可为制造企业制定数字化转型及GVC竞争力提升策略提供参考。

At present,the division of labor in global value chain has become the mainstream form for manufacturing industry to participate in the international division of labor.In the background of the new round of scientific revolution and industrial adjustment,the division of labor in global value chain has undergone great changes.It has become a key task for the high-quality development of China's foreign trade at present and in the future to explore the power source of optimizing the performance of China's manufacturing industry in the division of labor of global value chain from various perspectives and enhance the international competitive advantage of the manufacturing industry.Some relevant studies have pointed out that the digital transformation of manufacturing industry not only provides a key premise for global value chain division of labor,but also further promotes the deepening of global value chain division of labor.At the same time,the significant impact of digital technology on the transformation of the division of labor mechanism of the value chain and the integrated development of industries is providing excellent opportunities for China to climb to the high-end of the global value chain in China's foreign trade development.Based on the perspective of manufacturing digitalization,this paper explores the new driving force to improve the division of labor characteristics of China's manufacturing global value chain,and makes clear the advantages conferred by digital technology on manufacturing industry and the important influence and role path.It is beneficial to provide experience reference for the deep integration of digital technology and Chinese manufacturing industry,as well as to enhance the position of international division of labor and strenghthen the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry in international trade.From the perspective of China's manufacturing industry,this paper uses panel data of China's manufacturing industry to explore the impact of manufacturing digitization on the division of global value chain through theoretical and empirical analysis,and makes a detailed analysis of the division of manufacturing global value chain.It also analyzes the heterogeneity caused by different sources,types and industry types of digital input in order to further optimize the manufacturing global value chain division of labor based on the existing research results of the impact of manufacturing digitization on the division of labor in the global value chain.Based on theoretical and empirical analysis,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows.(1)Manufacturing digitalization can promote GVC competitiveness through cost effect,allocation effect and synergistic effect.(2)In the sample period,the GVC competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry shows an overall trend of increasing,and is basically stable in the top ten,and the competitiveness of low and medium knowledge-intensive industries is the strongest.(3)Digital transformation of manufacturing industry is conducive to the improvement of GVC competitiveness.In terms of different industry types,digitization significantly promotes GVC competitiveness in low and high knowledge-intensive industries.In terms of different sources of digitalization input,the effect of international digitalization input is more obvious than domestic digitalization input.In terms of different types of digital input,software and information technology services have the most prominent promoting effect.(4)To enhance the international division of labor in manufacturing,we should focus on promoting new infrastructure construction,optimizing the distribution of digital industries,and implementing targeted digital empowerment.This study expands the definition of digital input in previous studies and measures the degree of digitalization in manufacturing industry from the perspective of industrial intermediate input.By exploring the heterogeneity of the impact of domestic,international and different types of digital input on GVC competitiveness of manufacturing,it provides reference for manufacturing enterprises to develop digital transformation and GVC competitiveness promotion strategies.